Nursing 621 Exam 3 Renal questions with correct ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
answers
What are examples of appropriate history of present illness (HPI) questions you may ask a
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patient with a chief complaint of an abdominal issue? - correct answer✔✔ONSET
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LOCATION
DURATION
CHARACTERISTICS
AGGRAVATING FACTORS ||\\|//||
RELIEVING FACTORS ||\\|//||
||\\|//|| TREATMENTS TRIED ||\\|//||
Describe how you would inspect the abdomen. - correct answer✔✔Sitting on the right side
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of the patient for good tangential lighting, inspect the abdomen noting
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Color: blue, red, scars, lesions, jaundice, bruised, venous return
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Contour: Flat, rounded, scaphoid; is this normal for them ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Symmetry: contralateral sides the same, do you see a mass on the other side. Is the color ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
different? Can you visualize something that should not be there ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Bugles: have patient lie supine and pick u their head or take a deep breath to see if it is ok
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Movement: respirations, peristalisis, aortic pulsation in midline ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
,Why do you auscultate the abdomen before you percuss or palpate? - correct
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answer✔✔Changes the character of bowel sounds and you want to get assessment fidnigns ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
correct. It could make them increase when they are quiet
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Describe how and where you auscultate the abdomen. What are the three additional ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
sounds you assess? What is normal when you auscultate the abdomen? What is abnormal?
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- correct answer✔✔You auscultate the abdomen after inspection using the diaphragm of
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your stethoscope. Make sure it is not cold or it may cause muscles to contract. Note the
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frequency and character of the bowel sounds: you should hear 5-30 per minute, clicks or ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
gurgles. You may hear a venous hum in the epigastric region associated with aortic ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
problems, you may hear a friction rub over the spleen and liver associated with ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
inflammation, both would be considered abnormal ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
what are the nine regions of the abdomen - correct answer✔✔1) epigastric, umbiicul,
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hypogastric, , R/L hypchonidriac, R/L lumbar, R/L inguinal and 4 quadrants ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Describe how you palpate the abdomen. What are you assessing when you perform light, ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
moderate and deep palpation? What are the normal and abnormal findings? What do the ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
abnormal findings indicate as possible differential diagnoses? - correct ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
answer✔✔Systamitically thru nine region/4 qudrants start with light palpation using light ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
and even circular motion with the palmer surface of your finger. this is meant to see if
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there are any acute areas of high tenderness and any gurading. Guarding protects the
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inflamed visera ||\\|//||
Move to moderate palpation same way just exertim more pressure, again looking for
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guarding that was not eleicted by light palpation, use sides of your hand especially with ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
breathing in the liver and spenic areas and palpate thru entire respiratory cycle, as the ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
patient breathes the organ is displace ddownward and you may feel it aganist your hand
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Describe how and where you percuss the abdomen. What are normal and abnormal ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
findings? What do the findings indicate? - correct answer✔✔used to detect size and shape ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
of organs and the existance of fluid like with ascites, air with distention and dullness with
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,solid masses. Abnormal would be to percuss something that should not be present. Acites
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could indicate liver failure, dullness could indicate a mass-note size, shape and consistency
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How do you palpate for the various abdominal structures? What are the normal and
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abnormal findings? What do the findings indicate as possible differential diagnoses? - ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
correct answer✔✔Right side: liver, gallblader, should not be palpable unless some type of
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inflammation is present. For liver start low moving from area of tympany to dullness, then ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
mark it. RIght clavicular line 5 ICS, percuss to below costal margin, moving from dull to
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tympany should be 6-12cm organ, Spleen on right, Mid clavicle 6-9th rib would be ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
inflammed with rupture like trauma or mono ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
How do you assess for ascites? If a patient has ascites, what may that indicate? - correct
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answer✔✔You assess for ascites through either assessment of a fluid wave the patient lying ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
in a supine position. SHifting dullness with patient lying on the side. The other way is
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assessing bulging flanks, flank dullness. Not sensitive or specific test. will need radiological ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
studies
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How do you perform various advanced assessment techniques to assess for abdominal
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pain? Describe the positive and negative findings. What do the findings indicate as possible
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differential diagnoses?How do you perform various advanced assessment techniques to
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assess for abdominal pain? Describe the positive and negative findings. What do the
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findings indicate as possible differential diagnoses? - correct answer✔✔OLDCART, ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
abdominal rigidity, the location of pain, look at the face of the patient. have patient , ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
cough, or jump up and down: ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
MANTRALS: Migration anorexia, n/v, RLQ. pain, temp, leukocytosis, , shift to the left ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Vocab - correct answer✔✔Week 9 ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Acute glomerulonephritis—inflammation of the capillary loops of the renal glomeruli
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Ascites—accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Cholecystitis—inflammatory process of the gallbladder most commonly due to ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
obstruction of the cystic duct from cholelithiasis, which may be either acute or chronic ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
, Cholelithiasis—stone formation in the gallbladder occurs when cirain substances reach a ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
high concentration in bile and produce crystals
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Cirrhosis—diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules
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Duodenal ulcer—chronic circumscribed break in the duodenal mucosa that scars with
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healing
Irritable bowel syndrome—disorder of intestinal mobility||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Lipase—enzyme that acts on emulsified fats ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Peristalsis—muscular contractions that move products of digestion through the ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
alimentary canal ||\\|//||
Peritoneum—serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma—frequently arises in the setting of cirrhosis,
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approximately 20 to 30 years after liver injury or disease onset ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Pylonephritis—infection of the kidney and renal pelvis ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Pyloric stenosis—hypertrophy of the circular muscle of the pylorus leads to obstruction
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of the pyloric sphincter
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Pylorus—distal section of the stomach ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Reflux—backflow caused by relaxation or incompetence of lower esophagus ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Renal abscess—localized infection within the medulla or cortex of the kidney
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Renal calculi—stones formed in the pelvis of the kidney from a physiochemical process
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associated with obstruction and infections in the urinary tract ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Resonance—sound obtained on percussing a part that can vibrate freely ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Tympany—low-pitched, resonant, drumlike note obtained by percussing the surface of a ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
large, air-containing space||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Volvulus—twisting of the intestine resulting in an obstruction ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
answers
What are examples of appropriate history of present illness (HPI) questions you may ask a
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patient with a chief complaint of an abdominal issue? - correct answer✔✔ONSET
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LOCATION
DURATION
CHARACTERISTICS
AGGRAVATING FACTORS ||\\|//||
RELIEVING FACTORS ||\\|//||
||\\|//|| TREATMENTS TRIED ||\\|//||
Describe how you would inspect the abdomen. - correct answer✔✔Sitting on the right side
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of the patient for good tangential lighting, inspect the abdomen noting
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Color: blue, red, scars, lesions, jaundice, bruised, venous return
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Contour: Flat, rounded, scaphoid; is this normal for them ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Symmetry: contralateral sides the same, do you see a mass on the other side. Is the color ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
different? Can you visualize something that should not be there ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Bugles: have patient lie supine and pick u their head or take a deep breath to see if it is ok
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Movement: respirations, peristalisis, aortic pulsation in midline ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
,Why do you auscultate the abdomen before you percuss or palpate? - correct
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answer✔✔Changes the character of bowel sounds and you want to get assessment fidnigns ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
correct. It could make them increase when they are quiet
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Describe how and where you auscultate the abdomen. What are the three additional ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
sounds you assess? What is normal when you auscultate the abdomen? What is abnormal?
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- correct answer✔✔You auscultate the abdomen after inspection using the diaphragm of
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your stethoscope. Make sure it is not cold or it may cause muscles to contract. Note the
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frequency and character of the bowel sounds: you should hear 5-30 per minute, clicks or ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
gurgles. You may hear a venous hum in the epigastric region associated with aortic ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
problems, you may hear a friction rub over the spleen and liver associated with ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
inflammation, both would be considered abnormal ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
what are the nine regions of the abdomen - correct answer✔✔1) epigastric, umbiicul,
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hypogastric, , R/L hypchonidriac, R/L lumbar, R/L inguinal and 4 quadrants ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Describe how you palpate the abdomen. What are you assessing when you perform light, ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
moderate and deep palpation? What are the normal and abnormal findings? What do the ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
abnormal findings indicate as possible differential diagnoses? - correct ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
answer✔✔Systamitically thru nine region/4 qudrants start with light palpation using light ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
and even circular motion with the palmer surface of your finger. this is meant to see if
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there are any acute areas of high tenderness and any gurading. Guarding protects the
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inflamed visera ||\\|//||
Move to moderate palpation same way just exertim more pressure, again looking for
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guarding that was not eleicted by light palpation, use sides of your hand especially with ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
breathing in the liver and spenic areas and palpate thru entire respiratory cycle, as the ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
patient breathes the organ is displace ddownward and you may feel it aganist your hand
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Describe how and where you percuss the abdomen. What are normal and abnormal ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
findings? What do the findings indicate? - correct answer✔✔used to detect size and shape ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
of organs and the existance of fluid like with ascites, air with distention and dullness with
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,solid masses. Abnormal would be to percuss something that should not be present. Acites
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could indicate liver failure, dullness could indicate a mass-note size, shape and consistency
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How do you palpate for the various abdominal structures? What are the normal and
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abnormal findings? What do the findings indicate as possible differential diagnoses? - ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
correct answer✔✔Right side: liver, gallblader, should not be palpable unless some type of
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inflammation is present. For liver start low moving from area of tympany to dullness, then ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
mark it. RIght clavicular line 5 ICS, percuss to below costal margin, moving from dull to
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tympany should be 6-12cm organ, Spleen on right, Mid clavicle 6-9th rib would be ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
inflammed with rupture like trauma or mono ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
How do you assess for ascites? If a patient has ascites, what may that indicate? - correct
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answer✔✔You assess for ascites through either assessment of a fluid wave the patient lying ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
in a supine position. SHifting dullness with patient lying on the side. The other way is
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assessing bulging flanks, flank dullness. Not sensitive or specific test. will need radiological ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
studies
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How do you perform various advanced assessment techniques to assess for abdominal
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pain? Describe the positive and negative findings. What do the findings indicate as possible
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differential diagnoses?How do you perform various advanced assessment techniques to
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assess for abdominal pain? Describe the positive and negative findings. What do the
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findings indicate as possible differential diagnoses? - correct answer✔✔OLDCART, ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
abdominal rigidity, the location of pain, look at the face of the patient. have patient , ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
cough, or jump up and down: ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
MANTRALS: Migration anorexia, n/v, RLQ. pain, temp, leukocytosis, , shift to the left ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Vocab - correct answer✔✔Week 9 ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Acute glomerulonephritis—inflammation of the capillary loops of the renal glomeruli
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Ascites—accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Cholecystitis—inflammatory process of the gallbladder most commonly due to ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
obstruction of the cystic duct from cholelithiasis, which may be either acute or chronic ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
, Cholelithiasis—stone formation in the gallbladder occurs when cirain substances reach a ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
high concentration in bile and produce crystals
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Cirrhosis—diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules
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Duodenal ulcer—chronic circumscribed break in the duodenal mucosa that scars with
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healing
Irritable bowel syndrome—disorder of intestinal mobility||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Lipase—enzyme that acts on emulsified fats ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Peristalsis—muscular contractions that move products of digestion through the ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
alimentary canal ||\\|//||
Peritoneum—serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma—frequently arises in the setting of cirrhosis,
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approximately 20 to 30 years after liver injury or disease onset ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Pylonephritis—infection of the kidney and renal pelvis ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Pyloric stenosis—hypertrophy of the circular muscle of the pylorus leads to obstruction
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of the pyloric sphincter
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Pylorus—distal section of the stomach ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Reflux—backflow caused by relaxation or incompetence of lower esophagus ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Renal abscess—localized infection within the medulla or cortex of the kidney
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Renal calculi—stones formed in the pelvis of the kidney from a physiochemical process
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associated with obstruction and infections in the urinary tract ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Resonance—sound obtained on percussing a part that can vibrate freely ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Tympany—low-pitched, resonant, drumlike note obtained by percussing the surface of a ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
large, air-containing space||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Volvulus—twisting of the intestine resulting in an obstruction ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
