MDC 3 Exam 1 questions and answers
2024\2025 A+ Grade
What is the 2nd most common malignancy in women and 2nd leading cause of death in women?
- correct answer Breast cancer
How does breast cancer start?
- correct answer From the epithelial lining of the ducts or the epithelium of the lobules
99% of breast cancers occur in what gender?
- correct answer women
breast cancer is slightly more common in what race of women?
- correct answer white
breast cancer in men is similar across?
- correct answer all ethnic groups
Risk factors for breast cancer?
- correct answer -post menopause (increasing in age after 60)
-Estrogen (HRT: hormone replacement therapy) (post menopause therapy) can be with progesterone or
alone.
- History or genetics (history of breast, colon, endometrial, &ovarian cancer, or family history of breast
cancer) (*Gene BRCA1 or BRCA2 hold a 5-10% genetic risk)
-Alcohol
-Childbirth after age 30
-Obesity
-Smoking
-Breast cellular changes: hyperplasia, atypical appearance (increased risk)
,Breast cancer signs and symptoms
- correct answer -lump in breast
-swelling
-skin irritation
-dimpling
-breast pain
-nipple pain
-nipple turning inward
-redness
-scaliness
-thickening of the nipple
-unusual discharge
-lump in the armpit
(more rare but can present itself as an orange peel)
*Where is the most common location of breast cancer? *
- correct answer *upper outer quadrant is the most glandular tissue, as a result it is the most common
location of a cancer*
Breast cancer screening & diagnostics
- correct answer -history
-physical assessment and examination
-mammogram (less effective in younger women due to denser breast tissue)
-ultrasound
-MRI (gives more details than a mammogram or ultrasound)
-Biopsy
-Labs
-Pathology
, Breast health large breast challenges
- correct answer -Impaired comfort
-Back pain
-diffculty finding clothing that fits
-expensive bras
-fungal infections under breasts
-redness, chaffing or rash, under breasts.
Breast health small breast challenges
- correct answer -some choose breast augmentation (important to avoid foods, medications, herbs that
increase bleeding before/after surgery)
-Can still perform self examination and have mammograms- but may not be as sensitive
-*some evidence of increased risk for non Hodgkins lymphoma Not breast cancer*
*Breast Cancer Types*
- correct answer -*In situ* (non-ivasive) breast cancer remains in the mammary
*DCIS: ductal carcinoma in situate* duct or lobules
-*ILC: invasive lobular carcinoma*
*IDC: invasive ductal carcinoma*
*Non-invasive or In situ breast cancer is*
- correct answer *DCIS: ductal carcinoma is situate*
*Invasive breast cancer is*
- correct answer *ILC or IDC*
-the cancer grows into the surrounding tissue and can metastasize
-most likely cause of skin dimpling or peau'd orange
-Aggressive form : itching, rapidly growing lump, breast pain, erythema & edema
2024\2025 A+ Grade
What is the 2nd most common malignancy in women and 2nd leading cause of death in women?
- correct answer Breast cancer
How does breast cancer start?
- correct answer From the epithelial lining of the ducts or the epithelium of the lobules
99% of breast cancers occur in what gender?
- correct answer women
breast cancer is slightly more common in what race of women?
- correct answer white
breast cancer in men is similar across?
- correct answer all ethnic groups
Risk factors for breast cancer?
- correct answer -post menopause (increasing in age after 60)
-Estrogen (HRT: hormone replacement therapy) (post menopause therapy) can be with progesterone or
alone.
- History or genetics (history of breast, colon, endometrial, &ovarian cancer, or family history of breast
cancer) (*Gene BRCA1 or BRCA2 hold a 5-10% genetic risk)
-Alcohol
-Childbirth after age 30
-Obesity
-Smoking
-Breast cellular changes: hyperplasia, atypical appearance (increased risk)
,Breast cancer signs and symptoms
- correct answer -lump in breast
-swelling
-skin irritation
-dimpling
-breast pain
-nipple pain
-nipple turning inward
-redness
-scaliness
-thickening of the nipple
-unusual discharge
-lump in the armpit
(more rare but can present itself as an orange peel)
*Where is the most common location of breast cancer? *
- correct answer *upper outer quadrant is the most glandular tissue, as a result it is the most common
location of a cancer*
Breast cancer screening & diagnostics
- correct answer -history
-physical assessment and examination
-mammogram (less effective in younger women due to denser breast tissue)
-ultrasound
-MRI (gives more details than a mammogram or ultrasound)
-Biopsy
-Labs
-Pathology
, Breast health large breast challenges
- correct answer -Impaired comfort
-Back pain
-diffculty finding clothing that fits
-expensive bras
-fungal infections under breasts
-redness, chaffing or rash, under breasts.
Breast health small breast challenges
- correct answer -some choose breast augmentation (important to avoid foods, medications, herbs that
increase bleeding before/after surgery)
-Can still perform self examination and have mammograms- but may not be as sensitive
-*some evidence of increased risk for non Hodgkins lymphoma Not breast cancer*
*Breast Cancer Types*
- correct answer -*In situ* (non-ivasive) breast cancer remains in the mammary
*DCIS: ductal carcinoma in situate* duct or lobules
-*ILC: invasive lobular carcinoma*
*IDC: invasive ductal carcinoma*
*Non-invasive or In situ breast cancer is*
- correct answer *DCIS: ductal carcinoma is situate*
*Invasive breast cancer is*
- correct answer *ILC or IDC*
-the cancer grows into the surrounding tissue and can metastasize
-most likely cause of skin dimpling or peau'd orange
-Aggressive form : itching, rapidly growing lump, breast pain, erythema & edema
