Page 1 of 156
NURS 3366 EXAM 1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ALL
500 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR NEW!!
NURS 3366 EXAM 1
The RN (registered nurse) is caring for a patient diagnosed with an acute kidney injury. Which
laboratory values are most significant for diagnosing an acute kidney injury?
a) BUN and creatinine.
b) Hemoglobin and RBC count.
c) Potassium and sodium.
d) Potassium and BUN.
a) BUN and creatinine.
A patient is found to have hematuria, proteinuria, and an elevated serum creatinine. These
findings indicate
a) Prerenal acute kidney injury
b) Acute tubular necrosis
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c) Postrenal chronic kidney injury
d) Glomerulonephritis
d) Glomerulonephritis
A patient is admitted with heart failure. Over a 30-hour period the patient develops oliguria.
His serum creatinine (SrCr) is measured at 1.4; the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is measured at
34. What type of problem is most likely?
BUN (blood urea nitrogen): 8 to 25
Serum creatinine (SrCr): 0.6 to 1.2
a) Prerenal acute kidney injury
b) Acute tubular necrosis
c) Postrenal chronic kidney injury
d) Glomerulonephritis
a) Prerenal acute kidney injury
A patient is admitted with heart failure. Over a 30-hour period the patient develops oliguria
and is diagnosed with AKI (acute kidney injury). Which assessment finding is expected in this
patient?
Urine specific gravity: 1.002 to 1.028.
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a) Poor skin turgor.
b) Urine specific gravity of 1.000.
c) Urine specific gravity of 1.028.
d) Hypovolemia.
b) Urine specific gravity of 1.000.
An elderly man develops postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI). What is the most likely cause?
a) Dehydration.
b) A positive PSA.
c) Benign prostatic hyperplasia.
d) Sepsis.
c) Benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Which condition predisposes a patient to developing an intrarenal acute kidney injury?
a) Diabetes Mellitus.
b) Hypotension.
c) Uterine prolapse.
d) Antibiotics.
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d) Antibiotics.
A nurse taking care of a patient diagnosed with heart failure and prerenal AKI (acute kidney
injury) notes that "casts" are now present on the patient's urinalysis report. Which statement
best describes the pathophysiologic rational for casts in this patient?
a) As kidney tubular cells die, they slough off into the urinary tubules then are reabsorbed
into the peritubular capillaries, causing arterial blockages called casts.
b) Elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen cause the formation of crystals within the kidney
tubular cells. These crystals are known as casts.
c) Casts are evidence of dead kidney tubular cells as a result of the low cardiac output and
prolonged ischemia from the heart failure problem.
d) Oliguria has caused fluid volume overload. With a fluid volume overload, more pressure is
exerted on Bowman's capsule, causing the formation of casts.
c) Casts are evidence of dead kidney tubular cells as a result of the low cardiac output and
prolonged ischemia from the heart failure problem.
Drugs that ___________should not be used in chronic renal failure (CKD).
a) enhance potassium secretion in the distal collecting tubule (DCT)
b) enhance potassium reabsorption in the DCT
c) decrease pruritis.
d) enhance diuresis.
4
NURS 3366 EXAM 1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ALL
500 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR NEW!!
NURS 3366 EXAM 1
The RN (registered nurse) is caring for a patient diagnosed with an acute kidney injury. Which
laboratory values are most significant for diagnosing an acute kidney injury?
a) BUN and creatinine.
b) Hemoglobin and RBC count.
c) Potassium and sodium.
d) Potassium and BUN.
a) BUN and creatinine.
A patient is found to have hematuria, proteinuria, and an elevated serum creatinine. These
findings indicate
a) Prerenal acute kidney injury
b) Acute tubular necrosis
1
,Page 2 of 156
c) Postrenal chronic kidney injury
d) Glomerulonephritis
d) Glomerulonephritis
A patient is admitted with heart failure. Over a 30-hour period the patient develops oliguria.
His serum creatinine (SrCr) is measured at 1.4; the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is measured at
34. What type of problem is most likely?
BUN (blood urea nitrogen): 8 to 25
Serum creatinine (SrCr): 0.6 to 1.2
a) Prerenal acute kidney injury
b) Acute tubular necrosis
c) Postrenal chronic kidney injury
d) Glomerulonephritis
a) Prerenal acute kidney injury
A patient is admitted with heart failure. Over a 30-hour period the patient develops oliguria
and is diagnosed with AKI (acute kidney injury). Which assessment finding is expected in this
patient?
Urine specific gravity: 1.002 to 1.028.
2
,Page 3 of 156
a) Poor skin turgor.
b) Urine specific gravity of 1.000.
c) Urine specific gravity of 1.028.
d) Hypovolemia.
b) Urine specific gravity of 1.000.
An elderly man develops postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI). What is the most likely cause?
a) Dehydration.
b) A positive PSA.
c) Benign prostatic hyperplasia.
d) Sepsis.
c) Benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Which condition predisposes a patient to developing an intrarenal acute kidney injury?
a) Diabetes Mellitus.
b) Hypotension.
c) Uterine prolapse.
d) Antibiotics.
3
, Page 4 of 156
d) Antibiotics.
A nurse taking care of a patient diagnosed with heart failure and prerenal AKI (acute kidney
injury) notes that "casts" are now present on the patient's urinalysis report. Which statement
best describes the pathophysiologic rational for casts in this patient?
a) As kidney tubular cells die, they slough off into the urinary tubules then are reabsorbed
into the peritubular capillaries, causing arterial blockages called casts.
b) Elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen cause the formation of crystals within the kidney
tubular cells. These crystals are known as casts.
c) Casts are evidence of dead kidney tubular cells as a result of the low cardiac output and
prolonged ischemia from the heart failure problem.
d) Oliguria has caused fluid volume overload. With a fluid volume overload, more pressure is
exerted on Bowman's capsule, causing the formation of casts.
c) Casts are evidence of dead kidney tubular cells as a result of the low cardiac output and
prolonged ischemia from the heart failure problem.
Drugs that ___________should not be used in chronic renal failure (CKD).
a) enhance potassium secretion in the distal collecting tubule (DCT)
b) enhance potassium reabsorption in the DCT
c) decrease pruritis.
d) enhance diuresis.
4
