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POLS 207 Exam 2 (100+ Questions) – Voter Turnout, Interest Groups, Political Parties, Campaign Finance – Texas A&M University

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This detailed exam preparation document features over 100 comprehensive questions and correct answers for POLS 207 – Texas Government, based on the 2025/2026 academic year at Texas A&M University. Structured in a clear and accessible Q&A format, it is designed to provide students with a complete understanding of state-level political dynamics, electoral behavior, and institutional functions in American politics. The content covers a wide range of high-priority exam topics, including: Types of political participation: conventional, unconventional, and illegal Voting behavior and turnout patterns across elections, demographics, and regions Barriers to voting such as voter ID laws, registration rules, and historical restrictions Voting Rights Act enforcement and the effects of Shelby County v. Holder (2013) Political parties and electoral systems, including party identification, organization, and the differences between primary and general elections Interest groups and PACs, their influence, activities (e.g., lobbying, electioneering), and role in Texas politics Campaign finance, including spending trends, reform challenges, and free speech considerations Local politics and governance, with focus on turnout patterns, local issues, political machines, and nonpartisan elections The document also explores the demographic, ideological, and institutional forces shaping voter decisions, party competition, and interest group power at the state and local levels. It addresses key concepts such as the Tiebout Model, median voter theory, reform-era politics, and machine decline in urban governance. Perfect for: Students in Political Science, Public Administration, Government, or Urban Studies Learners enrolled in or preparing for POLS 207 at Texas A&M University Anyone seeking a strong foundation in voting rights, political parties, campaign behavior, and local governance in the U.S. This exam guide is a high-quality, exam-focused tool for understanding how citizens interact with politics at all levels of government, and how institutions shape democratic outcomes. Keywords: POLS 207, voter turnout, political participation, interest groups, political parties, campaign finance, voter ID laws, Shelby County v. Holder, Voting Rights Act, PACs, lobbying, party identification, campaign strategy, ballot access laws, primary elections, general elections, party organization, urban politics, political machines, local elections, gerrymandering, swing states, voter suppression, political reform

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Uploaded on
October 23, 2025
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Written in
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POLS 207 Exam 2 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Correct Answers | New
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What are the three basic types of political participation, Give examples of

each. Which are most common? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Conventional: voting

(voting) , volunteering, campaign donations, joining groups,

Unconventional: sit-ins, demonstrations, protests, boycotts

Illegal: Assassination, terrorism, sabotage

What are some ways in which participants in politics differ from the overall

population? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Bc of low turnout the participants can sway

the votes.

Why would a person 'rationally' choose to vote, What are some reasons

people might still vote even if it seems 'irrational' to do so? - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔Participation, Use their right to vote

,Even though just one vote in swing areas votes count

For which types of elections is voter turnout highest and lowest? - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔Presidential election highest


Local elections lowest

What are some factors that might explain state differences in voter turnout?

- 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Political culture


Socioeconomic factors

Party competitiveness

Media calling elections early

Variation in state laws

What are some prominent trends in political participation and voting

behavior among women and various racial and ethnic minority groups? - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔African Americans: exceed white turnout


Hispanics: trails but is rising

Asians: relatively low

Women: less than men but gap is closing

, How do the voting habits and choices of younger voters compare to those

of older voters? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Older voters more consistent, and higher


18-29 more likely to vote democrat

Generational policy agendas:

What are some 'unconventional forms of political participation, How do

these try to influence public officials and public policy? - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔Protesting: brign attention to issues, aim to influence decision-makers


Civil Disobedience: peaceful, non-violent breaking of unjust laws

What kind of powers do states have over how elections are run, What are

some of the differences that can result? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Time, place,

manner, drawing electoral districts ( gerrymandering)

What are some of the barriers, both historic and contemporary, that states

have put in place to make it more difficult for people to vote, Under what

circumstance might a barrier to voting violate citizens' right to vote? - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔Poll tax, literacy test, good character reference, voter ID law,

voter registration

Prevent, or restrict them form voting



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