Advanced Pathophysiology test
questions and answers graded A+
Health - ANS✅✅state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmary.
Disease - ANS✅✅acute or chronic illness that one acquires or is born with that causes physiologic
dysfunction on the cell/organ/organ system/organismal level
Pathophysiology - ANS✅✅the physiology of altered health. Loss of homeostatic balance in the
body at some level.
Etiology - ANS✅✅the cause of a disease, or what sets the disease in motion
Iatrogenic - ANS✅✅caused by clinical treatment of another disease process
Pathogenesis - ANS✅✅defines how the disease process evolves, the sequence of events following
exposure
Morphological changes - ANS✅✅microscopic and gross anatomic changes that occur with disease
Morphology - ANS✅✅fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues
Histology - ANS✅✅study of cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues, diagnostic test used to
assess morphological changes
Clinical manifestations - ANS✅✅signs (observed) and symptoms (subjective) of a disease
Syndrome - ANS✅✅completion of signs and symptoms that are characteristic of a disease state
Complications - ANS✅✅adverse extensions of disease or outcomes from treatments
, Sequelae - ANS✅✅lesions or impairments that follow or are caused by a disease
Diagnosis - ANS✅✅designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem. Requires obtaining a
careful history, physical exam and diagnostic testing.
Reliability - ANS✅✅the extent to which an observation, if repeated, gives the same result.
Validity - ANS✅✅the extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is intended to
measure.
Sensitivity - ANS✅✅the proportion of people with a disease who are positive for that disease on a
given test or observation. (True-positive result)
Specificity - ANS✅✅the proportion of people without the disease that are negative on a given test
or observation (True-negative result)
Clinical course - ANS✅✅the evolution of the disease. May progress through acute, synchronic and
chronic phases and chronic cases may have exacerbations or remissions
Preclinical stage - ANS✅✅disease is not clinically evident but will eventually progress to clinical
stage
Subclinical disease - ANS✅✅disease is not clinically evident and will not progress to clinical stage
Clinical disease - ANS✅✅manifested by signs and symptoms
Carrier status - ANS✅✅person is harboring the disease but is not infected
Epidemiology - ANS✅✅study of disease occurrence in human populations
Patterns of disease - ANS✅✅what epidemiology is based on studying, e.g. race, gender, or
lifestyles more likely to lead to disease, more concerned with whether something happened or will
happen than how it happened
questions and answers graded A+
Health - ANS✅✅state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmary.
Disease - ANS✅✅acute or chronic illness that one acquires or is born with that causes physiologic
dysfunction on the cell/organ/organ system/organismal level
Pathophysiology - ANS✅✅the physiology of altered health. Loss of homeostatic balance in the
body at some level.
Etiology - ANS✅✅the cause of a disease, or what sets the disease in motion
Iatrogenic - ANS✅✅caused by clinical treatment of another disease process
Pathogenesis - ANS✅✅defines how the disease process evolves, the sequence of events following
exposure
Morphological changes - ANS✅✅microscopic and gross anatomic changes that occur with disease
Morphology - ANS✅✅fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues
Histology - ANS✅✅study of cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues, diagnostic test used to
assess morphological changes
Clinical manifestations - ANS✅✅signs (observed) and symptoms (subjective) of a disease
Syndrome - ANS✅✅completion of signs and symptoms that are characteristic of a disease state
Complications - ANS✅✅adverse extensions of disease or outcomes from treatments
, Sequelae - ANS✅✅lesions or impairments that follow or are caused by a disease
Diagnosis - ANS✅✅designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem. Requires obtaining a
careful history, physical exam and diagnostic testing.
Reliability - ANS✅✅the extent to which an observation, if repeated, gives the same result.
Validity - ANS✅✅the extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is intended to
measure.
Sensitivity - ANS✅✅the proportion of people with a disease who are positive for that disease on a
given test or observation. (True-positive result)
Specificity - ANS✅✅the proportion of people without the disease that are negative on a given test
or observation (True-negative result)
Clinical course - ANS✅✅the evolution of the disease. May progress through acute, synchronic and
chronic phases and chronic cases may have exacerbations or remissions
Preclinical stage - ANS✅✅disease is not clinically evident but will eventually progress to clinical
stage
Subclinical disease - ANS✅✅disease is not clinically evident and will not progress to clinical stage
Clinical disease - ANS✅✅manifested by signs and symptoms
Carrier status - ANS✅✅person is harboring the disease but is not infected
Epidemiology - ANS✅✅study of disease occurrence in human populations
Patterns of disease - ANS✅✅what epidemiology is based on studying, e.g. race, gender, or
lifestyles more likely to lead to disease, more concerned with whether something happened or will
happen than how it happened
