BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab | Module 4 Exam Review |70+ Questions and Answers Summary |LockDown Browser |Portage Learning

BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab | Module 4 Exam Review |70+ Questions and Answers Summary |LockDown Browser |Portage Learning ______ of what we filter we keep - ANSWER -90% Where in the kidney does urine production occur? - ANSWER -the nephron porous capillary bed - filtration like a strainer - ANSWER -glomerulus 4 distinct regions of the renal tubule: - ANSWER -1) Bowman's capsule 2) PCT (proximal tubule) 3) Loop of Henle (reabsorption) 4) DCT (distal tubule) What captures the filtrate from the glomerulus? - ANSWER -Bowman's capsule What helps with reabsorption? - ANSWER -Loop of Henle renal tubules (PCT and DCT): What surround the PCT and DCT to help reabsorb nutrients from filtrate and help supply blood? - ANSWER -peritubular capillaries urine production steps - ANSWER -1. glomerular filtration 2. capsular reabsorption 3. tubular secretion - production of filtrate = renal blood flow (Q) - not filtered at glomerulus (too large) contains: - formed elements or cellular parts of the blood (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) - proteins - creates FILTRATE - BP forces water and solutes out of capillaries into capsular space - ANSWER Glomerular Filtration - filtrate - blood (peritubular capillaries) - purpose is to keep what we need to keep and to maintain homeostasis - reclaim essential substances from filtrate - selective transport of substance back to the bloodstream - ANSWER -Capsular Reabsorption - blood (peritubular capillaries) - filtrate - LOSE something that is in excess - opposite of reabsorption - ANSWER -Tubular Secretion - the volume of filtrate produced by both kidneys per minute - BP and GFR are positively correlated - highly regulated - just bc you filter it does NOT mean you get rid of it (reabsorption) - input=output - ANSWER -glomerular filtration rate normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - ANSWER -90mlmin(110-120ml/min) ~180L/day GFR: bleeding - ANSWER -reduce GFR bc it decreases BV which decreases renal Q What drives filtration? - ANSWER -renal blood flow and blood pressure GFR: dehydrated - ANSWER -GFR decreases b/c BV decreases - renal Q decreases - UO decreases GFR: heart attack (MI) - ANSWER -GFR decreases b/c CO decreases = decreased renal Q GFR: volume overload (increased BV) - ANSWER -renal Q increases - increases GFR - increases UO filtrate - blood (KEEP) - ANSWER -tubular reabsorption normal Na+ - ANSWER -135-145 tubular reabsorption: Na+=140(normal) - ANSWER -- Na+ filtered at glomerulus - Na+ reabsorption is normal (to try and maintain) tubular reabsorption: - Na+= 155 (high) - ANSWER -- Na+ filtered at glomerulus - Na+ reabsorption decreases tubular reabsorption: - Na+= 125 (low) - ANSWER -- Na+ filtered at glomerulus - Na+ reabsorption increases - sum total of all the water in our body =50-60% - 2/3 ICF - 1/3 ECF - ANSWER -Total Body Water (TBW) inside cells - ANSWER -intracellular fluid (ICF) outside cells - ANSWER -extracellular fluid (ECF) between cells - ANSWER -interstitial fluid (IS) ~ 80% of ECF in bloodstream - ANSWER -plasma ~ 20% of ECF normal concentration (H2O and solutes) range - ANSWER -275-295 ______ is the main solute in ECF - ANSWER -Na+ - easier to manipulate (easy access) - can change it based on what we eat/drink - ANSWER -ECF normal concentration (275-295) - normal H2O - normal solute - ANSWER -isotonic solution more concentrated (295) - decreased H2O - increased solute (Na+) - ANSWER -hypertonic solution more dilute (275) - increased water - decreased solute (Na+) - ANSWER -hypotonic solution