NURS 231 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM |COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS (100%
VERIFIED) |ALREADY RATED A.
Asthma is thought to be caused by:
a) an autosomal recessive trait
b) autoimmunity
c) excessive use of antibiotics as a child
d) interactions between genetic and environmental factors - ANS ✓✓ Interactions between
genetic and environmental factors
In asthma, _ is/are reduced
A) lung volumes
B) expiratory flow rates
C) air trapping
D) dead space - ANS ✓✓ Expiratory flow rates
A 13 year old is diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following should she recognise as part
of an asthmatic attack
A) headache
B) chest pain
C) wheeze
D) bradycardia - ANS ✓✓ Wheeze
Airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma is related to
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,A) an increased sympathetic nervous system response
B) the release of stress hormones
C) exposure to allergen causing mast cell degranulation
D) hereditary decrease in IgE responsiveness - ANS ✓✓ Exposure to allergen causing mast
cell degranulation
Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma
is caused by
A) type 2 alveolar cell in jury - decreased surfactant
B) alveolar fibrosis and pulmonary oedema
C) mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, airway oedema
D) collapse of cartliganous rings in bronchi - ANS ✓✓ Mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction,
airway oedema
A 10 year old is brought into ED with prolonged bronchospasm and severe hypoxaemia. The
most likely diagnosis is
A) exercise induced asthma
B) COPD
C) status asthmaticus
D) bronchiectasis - ANS ✓✓ Status asthmaticus
A 60 year old female with emphysema is having difficulty expiring a given volume of air.
She is most likely experiencing _ pulmonary disease
A) restrictive
B) obstructive
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,C) atelectatic
D) pleuritic - ANS ✓✓ Obstructive
A 52 year old female presents with chronic bronchitis. Tests reveal the closure of the airway
during expiration. This condition is most likely caused by
A) thick mucus from hypertrophied glands
B) ventilation-perfusion mismatch
C) hyperventilation
D) thinning smooth muscle in the bronchioles - ANS ✓✓ Thick mucus from hypertrophied
glands
A 45 year old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 month's duration. Which of the
following is most likely to cause this condition
A) chronic asthma
B) air pollution
C) cigarette smoke
D) recurrent pneumonia - ANS ✓✓ Cigarette smoke
A 45 year old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 month's duration. Which of the
following is the most significant concern in this patient
A) left heart failure
B) pulmonary embolus
C) immunosuppression
D) recurrent pulmonary infections - ANS ✓✓ Recurrent pulmonary infections
Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema most often present with
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, A) a productive cough
B) cyanosis
C) dyspnoea
D) cor pulmonale - ANS ✓✓ Dyspnoea
A 53 year old male with a 20 year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. His
airways are obstructed because of
A) excessive mucus production
B) loss of elastic recoil
C) infection and inflammation
D) airway oedema - ANS ✓✓ Loss of elastic recoil
A 60 year old female with a 25 year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. She
has an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter because of
A) air trapping
B) increased inspiratory reserve volume
C) increased flow rates
D) alveolar destruction - ANS ✓✓ Air trapping
A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome. He develops atelectasis because of
A) lack of surfactant
B) pulmonary oedema
C) airway obstruction
D) pulmonary fibrosis - ANS ✓✓ Lack of surfactant
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MIDTERM EXAM |COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS (100%
VERIFIED) |ALREADY RATED A.
Asthma is thought to be caused by:
a) an autosomal recessive trait
b) autoimmunity
c) excessive use of antibiotics as a child
d) interactions between genetic and environmental factors - ANS ✓✓ Interactions between
genetic and environmental factors
In asthma, _ is/are reduced
A) lung volumes
B) expiratory flow rates
C) air trapping
D) dead space - ANS ✓✓ Expiratory flow rates
A 13 year old is diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following should she recognise as part
of an asthmatic attack
A) headache
B) chest pain
C) wheeze
D) bradycardia - ANS ✓✓ Wheeze
Airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma is related to
1|Page
,A) an increased sympathetic nervous system response
B) the release of stress hormones
C) exposure to allergen causing mast cell degranulation
D) hereditary decrease in IgE responsiveness - ANS ✓✓ Exposure to allergen causing mast
cell degranulation
Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma
is caused by
A) type 2 alveolar cell in jury - decreased surfactant
B) alveolar fibrosis and pulmonary oedema
C) mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, airway oedema
D) collapse of cartliganous rings in bronchi - ANS ✓✓ Mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction,
airway oedema
A 10 year old is brought into ED with prolonged bronchospasm and severe hypoxaemia. The
most likely diagnosis is
A) exercise induced asthma
B) COPD
C) status asthmaticus
D) bronchiectasis - ANS ✓✓ Status asthmaticus
A 60 year old female with emphysema is having difficulty expiring a given volume of air.
She is most likely experiencing _ pulmonary disease
A) restrictive
B) obstructive
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,C) atelectatic
D) pleuritic - ANS ✓✓ Obstructive
A 52 year old female presents with chronic bronchitis. Tests reveal the closure of the airway
during expiration. This condition is most likely caused by
A) thick mucus from hypertrophied glands
B) ventilation-perfusion mismatch
C) hyperventilation
D) thinning smooth muscle in the bronchioles - ANS ✓✓ Thick mucus from hypertrophied
glands
A 45 year old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 month's duration. Which of the
following is most likely to cause this condition
A) chronic asthma
B) air pollution
C) cigarette smoke
D) recurrent pneumonia - ANS ✓✓ Cigarette smoke
A 45 year old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 month's duration. Which of the
following is the most significant concern in this patient
A) left heart failure
B) pulmonary embolus
C) immunosuppression
D) recurrent pulmonary infections - ANS ✓✓ Recurrent pulmonary infections
Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema most often present with
3|Page
, A) a productive cough
B) cyanosis
C) dyspnoea
D) cor pulmonale - ANS ✓✓ Dyspnoea
A 53 year old male with a 20 year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. His
airways are obstructed because of
A) excessive mucus production
B) loss of elastic recoil
C) infection and inflammation
D) airway oedema - ANS ✓✓ Loss of elastic recoil
A 60 year old female with a 25 year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. She
has an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter because of
A) air trapping
B) increased inspiratory reserve volume
C) increased flow rates
D) alveolar destruction - ANS ✓✓ Air trapping
A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome. He develops atelectasis because of
A) lack of surfactant
B) pulmonary oedema
C) airway obstruction
D) pulmonary fibrosis - ANS ✓✓ Lack of surfactant
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