HSC EXAM 1 - 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
How did the WHO define health in 1946? How has that definition been modified? -
Answer -WHO defined it as "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity". Now it is a dynamic state or
condition of human organism that is multidimensional in nature, resource for living, and
results from persons interactions with and adaptations to their environment.
What is public health? - Answer -actions that society takes collectively to ensure that
the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur; most inclusive term
What are the differences among community health, population health, and global
health? - Answer -Community health is health status of defined group of people,
Population health is health status of people who aren't organized and have no identity
as group, Global health is health problems/issues/concerns that transcend national
boundaries
What are the 5 major domains that determine a person's health? - Answer -Genetic
makeup of the person; social circumstances; environmental conditions; behavioral
choices, availability of quality medical care.
What is the difference between personal health activities and community and public
health activities? - Answer -Personal health activities benefit the one person and that
person chooses that action; Community health is aimed at protecting the whole
community health
Define the term community. - Answer -Characterized by membership, common
symbols, shared values and norms, mutual influence, shared needs and commitment to
meeting them, shared emotional connection
What are the 4 main factors that affect the health of a community? Provide an example
for each. - Answer -Physical factors; Social/cultural factors; community organization;
individual behaviors
Identify some of the major events of community/public health in each of the following
periods of time:
Early civilizations (prior to 500 C.E.)
Middle Ages (500-1500 C.E.)
Renaissance and Exploration (1500-1700 C.E.)
The 18th century
The 19th century - Answer -Early Civ=Code of Hammurabi; prescriptions
Middle Ages=Greek men did games of strength; Romans created sewer
system/hospitals
Renaissance=believe disease caused by environmental; observation led to accurate
symptoms; spread disease to New World
, 18th century=industrial growth; overcrowding; inadequate water supplies; Dr. Jenner
vaccination for smallpox
19th century=better agriculture so better nutrition; epidemic's in major cities
Shattuck report; modern era of public health begins
Provide a brief explanation of the origins from which the following 20th century periods
get their names:
Health resources development period
Period of social engineering
Period of health promotion - Answer -Resources development period=growth health
care facilities; great depression and WW1; first school for public nursing
Social engineering=federal government active in health matters; Medicare and
Medicaid; improved standards in health facilities
Health Promotion=identified that premature death traced to lifestyle and health
behaviors; Healthy People; National Prevention Strategy
What significance do the Healthy People documents have in community and public
health development in recent years? - Answer -they help guide us toward better health;
we have had reductions in child mortality, vaccine-preventable deaths, access to safe
water, malaria prevention/control, tobacco control, global road safety, improved
preparedness/response
What is the National Prevention Strategy and who is responsible for it? - Answer -4
goals=health/safe community environments, clinical/community preventative services,
empowered people, elimination of health disparities. Don't know who is responsible for it
What are the major community and public health problems facing the US and the World
in the 21st century? - Answer -health care delivery, environmental problems, lifestyle
diseases, communicable diseases, alcohol/substance abuse, health disparities,
disasters
What is a governmental health agency? - Answer -part of government structure and
primarily funded by tax $$$, 4 levels
What is the World Health Organization (WHO), and what does it do? - Answer -
international government health organization in Geneva, Switzerland. 6 regional offices
around the world; goal is the "attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of
health"
Which federal department in the US is the governments principal agency for protecting
the health of all Americans and for providing essential human services, especially to
those who are least able to help themselves? What major services does this department
provide? - Answer -Department of Health and Human Services; major services it
provides?
How did the WHO define health in 1946? How has that definition been modified? -
Answer -WHO defined it as "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity". Now it is a dynamic state or
condition of human organism that is multidimensional in nature, resource for living, and
results from persons interactions with and adaptations to their environment.
What is public health? - Answer -actions that society takes collectively to ensure that
the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur; most inclusive term
What are the differences among community health, population health, and global
health? - Answer -Community health is health status of defined group of people,
Population health is health status of people who aren't organized and have no identity
as group, Global health is health problems/issues/concerns that transcend national
boundaries
What are the 5 major domains that determine a person's health? - Answer -Genetic
makeup of the person; social circumstances; environmental conditions; behavioral
choices, availability of quality medical care.
What is the difference between personal health activities and community and public
health activities? - Answer -Personal health activities benefit the one person and that
person chooses that action; Community health is aimed at protecting the whole
community health
Define the term community. - Answer -Characterized by membership, common
symbols, shared values and norms, mutual influence, shared needs and commitment to
meeting them, shared emotional connection
What are the 4 main factors that affect the health of a community? Provide an example
for each. - Answer -Physical factors; Social/cultural factors; community organization;
individual behaviors
Identify some of the major events of community/public health in each of the following
periods of time:
Early civilizations (prior to 500 C.E.)
Middle Ages (500-1500 C.E.)
Renaissance and Exploration (1500-1700 C.E.)
The 18th century
The 19th century - Answer -Early Civ=Code of Hammurabi; prescriptions
Middle Ages=Greek men did games of strength; Romans created sewer
system/hospitals
Renaissance=believe disease caused by environmental; observation led to accurate
symptoms; spread disease to New World
, 18th century=industrial growth; overcrowding; inadequate water supplies; Dr. Jenner
vaccination for smallpox
19th century=better agriculture so better nutrition; epidemic's in major cities
Shattuck report; modern era of public health begins
Provide a brief explanation of the origins from which the following 20th century periods
get their names:
Health resources development period
Period of social engineering
Period of health promotion - Answer -Resources development period=growth health
care facilities; great depression and WW1; first school for public nursing
Social engineering=federal government active in health matters; Medicare and
Medicaid; improved standards in health facilities
Health Promotion=identified that premature death traced to lifestyle and health
behaviors; Healthy People; National Prevention Strategy
What significance do the Healthy People documents have in community and public
health development in recent years? - Answer -they help guide us toward better health;
we have had reductions in child mortality, vaccine-preventable deaths, access to safe
water, malaria prevention/control, tobacco control, global road safety, improved
preparedness/response
What is the National Prevention Strategy and who is responsible for it? - Answer -4
goals=health/safe community environments, clinical/community preventative services,
empowered people, elimination of health disparities. Don't know who is responsible for it
What are the major community and public health problems facing the US and the World
in the 21st century? - Answer -health care delivery, environmental problems, lifestyle
diseases, communicable diseases, alcohol/substance abuse, health disparities,
disasters
What is a governmental health agency? - Answer -part of government structure and
primarily funded by tax $$$, 4 levels
What is the World Health Organization (WHO), and what does it do? - Answer -
international government health organization in Geneva, Switzerland. 6 regional offices
around the world; goal is the "attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of
health"
Which federal department in the US is the governments principal agency for protecting
the health of all Americans and for providing essential human services, especially to
those who are least able to help themselves? What major services does this department
provide? - Answer -Department of Health and Human Services; major services it
provides?
