COMM 10 FINAL VERIFIED QUESTIONS & DEFINITIVE ANSWERS UPDATED
2025/26 GRADED A+ SCORE SOLUTION REVIEW
Linguistic discourse: linguistics, talk-in-interaction, instances of language
used in specific communication events, "tokens" "corpus"
Discourse markers - ---Answers----signals cultural discourse during
discourse without
Changing structural meaning.
Cool solidarity - ---Answers-----"dude" indexes a discourse of
hegemonic
Young masculinity.
- cool solidarity= heterosexism+ masculine solidarity+ non-conformity
5 interactional functions of dude - ---Answers-----discourse structure
marking
"i just don't know, dude."
-exclamation
"dude! Check this out!"
-confrontational stance attenuator
"dude, can i get a bite of that?"
-agreement
"right on, dude."
-affiliation and connection
"you know what i'm talking about, dude"
Geneva smitherman, 1980 "white english in blackface or who do i be?" the
state of the language, eds. Leonard michaels & christopher ricks uc press.
- ---Answers-----black english is a legitimate dialect of
English, not a language deficit.
-be shares features with languages
Spoken by all oppressed peoples.
-be has unique features shaped by the
Oral tradition in black culture.
,Gloria anzaldua 1987 "how to tame a wild tongue" borderlands/la frontera:
the new mestiza san francisco: aunt lute books - ---Answers-----
controlling language as political
Oppression.
-language enacts borders.
-code-switching - moving between
Linguistic systems.
Ebonics controversy - ---Answers----12/1996, the oakland, ca school
board recognizes black english or "ebonics" as a language
-ask or ax? - garrad mcclendon
-resolution: "the variety known as 'ebonics,' 'african
American vernacular english' (aave), and
'Vernacular black english' and by other names
Is systematic and rule-governed like all natural
Speech varieties."
Unanimously adopted at
The annual meeting of
The linguistic society of america
Chicago, il, jan 3, 1997
Marcel danesi 1999 "what does it mean? How humans represent the world"
in of cigarettes, high heels, and other interesting things: an introduction to
semiotics. St. Martin's press. - ---Answers-----"the act of representation
also entails a
Corresponding act of interpretation."
-interpretation = to look for meaning
-"although interpretation is subject to
Much individual variation, it is not an
Open-ended process..."
Semiotics:
, "the science of representation" - ---Answers----(a) concept/sound-
image
(b) signified/signifier
(c) idea&mental construct/ media&material form
Peircean signification - ---Answers----peircean 3-part sign
Object / interpretant \ representamen (eg. The word)
Types of meaning - ---Answers-----denotation:
A sign's literal meaning.
-connotation:
A sign's higher level or secondary meanings.
--connotative extensions: meanings acquired through usage.
--emotive connotations: emotional nuances conveyed in use.
--symbolic connotations: meanings acquired in specific contexts.
Signals - ---Answers----unconscious indicators
That trigger effects in
Others.
Icon - ---Answers----a sign that simulates, replicates,
Reproduces, imitates, or resembles
Properties of its referent.
Indexes - ---Answers----signs that "point to" the referent.
Including pronouns!
Symbols - ---Answers----signs with arbitrary relationships to displaced
referents.
Stuart hall 1997 "introduction" and part of "the work of representation"
representation: cultural representations and signifying practices sage
publications. - ---Answers----representation: cultural
Representations & signifying practices
2025/26 GRADED A+ SCORE SOLUTION REVIEW
Linguistic discourse: linguistics, talk-in-interaction, instances of language
used in specific communication events, "tokens" "corpus"
Discourse markers - ---Answers----signals cultural discourse during
discourse without
Changing structural meaning.
Cool solidarity - ---Answers-----"dude" indexes a discourse of
hegemonic
Young masculinity.
- cool solidarity= heterosexism+ masculine solidarity+ non-conformity
5 interactional functions of dude - ---Answers-----discourse structure
marking
"i just don't know, dude."
-exclamation
"dude! Check this out!"
-confrontational stance attenuator
"dude, can i get a bite of that?"
-agreement
"right on, dude."
-affiliation and connection
"you know what i'm talking about, dude"
Geneva smitherman, 1980 "white english in blackface or who do i be?" the
state of the language, eds. Leonard michaels & christopher ricks uc press.
- ---Answers-----black english is a legitimate dialect of
English, not a language deficit.
-be shares features with languages
Spoken by all oppressed peoples.
-be has unique features shaped by the
Oral tradition in black culture.
,Gloria anzaldua 1987 "how to tame a wild tongue" borderlands/la frontera:
the new mestiza san francisco: aunt lute books - ---Answers-----
controlling language as political
Oppression.
-language enacts borders.
-code-switching - moving between
Linguistic systems.
Ebonics controversy - ---Answers----12/1996, the oakland, ca school
board recognizes black english or "ebonics" as a language
-ask or ax? - garrad mcclendon
-resolution: "the variety known as 'ebonics,' 'african
American vernacular english' (aave), and
'Vernacular black english' and by other names
Is systematic and rule-governed like all natural
Speech varieties."
Unanimously adopted at
The annual meeting of
The linguistic society of america
Chicago, il, jan 3, 1997
Marcel danesi 1999 "what does it mean? How humans represent the world"
in of cigarettes, high heels, and other interesting things: an introduction to
semiotics. St. Martin's press. - ---Answers-----"the act of representation
also entails a
Corresponding act of interpretation."
-interpretation = to look for meaning
-"although interpretation is subject to
Much individual variation, it is not an
Open-ended process..."
Semiotics:
, "the science of representation" - ---Answers----(a) concept/sound-
image
(b) signified/signifier
(c) idea&mental construct/ media&material form
Peircean signification - ---Answers----peircean 3-part sign
Object / interpretant \ representamen (eg. The word)
Types of meaning - ---Answers-----denotation:
A sign's literal meaning.
-connotation:
A sign's higher level or secondary meanings.
--connotative extensions: meanings acquired through usage.
--emotive connotations: emotional nuances conveyed in use.
--symbolic connotations: meanings acquired in specific contexts.
Signals - ---Answers----unconscious indicators
That trigger effects in
Others.
Icon - ---Answers----a sign that simulates, replicates,
Reproduces, imitates, or resembles
Properties of its referent.
Indexes - ---Answers----signs that "point to" the referent.
Including pronouns!
Symbols - ---Answers----signs with arbitrary relationships to displaced
referents.
Stuart hall 1997 "introduction" and part of "the work of representation"
representation: cultural representations and signifying practices sage
publications. - ---Answers----representation: cultural
Representations & signifying practices
