Global health midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
The ACA is universal health care? a) True b) False
B
What is Medicare Part B, and how is it funded?
Medicare Part B: Medical Insurance
Covers: Doctor's services, outpatient care, medical supplies, and
preventive services.
Funding: Requires beneficiaries to pay a monthly premium.
What is Medicaid, and how does it differ from Medicare?
Medicaid is a joint federal and state program that provides
health coverage to:
Eligible Low-Income: People with low income, including
families, children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with
disabilities.
Key Difference: It is means-tested (based on income) and
administered by states within federal guidelines, unlike
Medicare which is primarily age-based.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the US
healthcare system? a) A Central Agency b) Multiple Payers c)
Partial Access d) High Technology
A
What is the simplest way to remember the core difference
between Medicare and Medicaid?
,Medicare = For age (and disability)
Medicaid = For aid (based on income)
During which time period did the Corporate Era of American
health care primarily occur?
Late 1900s – 2009(From the ~1970s-80s until the passage of the
Affordable Care Act in 2010)
What is the Corporatization of Health Care Delivery?
The shift from health care being provided by individual
practitioners and non-profit community hospitals to large, for-
profit corporate entities that own and manage hospitals, clinics,
and other facilities.
What are Managed Care Organizations (MCOs), and why
were they dominant in the Corporate Era?
Entities like HMOs and PPOs that integrate the financing and
delivery of care. Dominance: They became the primary model
for controlling costs by managing physician behavior, requiring
pre-authorizations, and negotiating provider networks.
Highly specialized medical care, usually provided in large
hospitals or specialized centers, that involves advanced medical
procedures and treatments such as neurosurgery, complex cancer
treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and organ
transplants...most accurately describes a) Primary Care b)
Secondary Care c) Teritary Care
C
,How did Globalization manifest in the health care sector during
the Corporate Era?
Medical Tourism: Patients traveling internationally for more
affordable or immediate care.
Supply Chains: Sourcing of pharmaceuticals and medical
equipment from a global market.
Offshoring: Business processes (like medical billing) being
performed in other countries.
What is Telemedicine, and how does it fit the Corporate Era's
themes?
The remote diagnosis and treatment of patients via
telecommunications technology.
Fit: It represents an efficiency and cost-saving innovation,
allowing for the delivery of care across greater distances,
aligning with corporate goals.
What was the overarching goal that defined the Corporate Era?
cost Control and Efficiency.
The application of business and market principles to manage
the rapidly rising costs of the health care system.
What state-level precedent served as a model for the federal
Affordable Care Act (ACA)?
MassachusettsThe 2006 "Romneycare" reform included an
individual mandate, health insurance exchange, and Medicaid
expansion, proving a similar model could work at the state level.
, How was the Affordable Care Act (ACA) passed in 2010?
It was passed by a Democratic-controlled House and Senate
and signed by President Obama.Key Fact: No Republican
members of Congress voted in favor of the final bill, making it
a deeply partisan law.
The biggest payer of healthcare premiums in the United States
is... a) Individuals b) Employers c) The Government
B
What was the significance of the NFIB v. Sebelius
(2012) Supreme Court ruling for the ACA?
It upheld the ACA's individual mandate but redefined it as a
valid tax, not a penalty under the Commerce Clause. It also
made the Medicaid expansion optional for states.
What were the major immediate consequences in
the Aftermath of the ACA's passage?
Political: Intense, ongoing political polarization and efforts to
repeal or undermine the law.
Coverage: A major reduction in the uninsured rate, with
millions gaining coverage through Medicaid expansion and
health insurance marketplaces.
Systemic: The law became deeply embedded in the U.S. health
care system, shaping insurance regulations and delivery system
reforms.
What defines the "Era of Health Care Reform" that began in
2010?
The ACA is universal health care? a) True b) False
B
What is Medicare Part B, and how is it funded?
Medicare Part B: Medical Insurance
Covers: Doctor's services, outpatient care, medical supplies, and
preventive services.
Funding: Requires beneficiaries to pay a monthly premium.
What is Medicaid, and how does it differ from Medicare?
Medicaid is a joint federal and state program that provides
health coverage to:
Eligible Low-Income: People with low income, including
families, children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with
disabilities.
Key Difference: It is means-tested (based on income) and
administered by states within federal guidelines, unlike
Medicare which is primarily age-based.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the US
healthcare system? a) A Central Agency b) Multiple Payers c)
Partial Access d) High Technology
A
What is the simplest way to remember the core difference
between Medicare and Medicaid?
,Medicare = For age (and disability)
Medicaid = For aid (based on income)
During which time period did the Corporate Era of American
health care primarily occur?
Late 1900s – 2009(From the ~1970s-80s until the passage of the
Affordable Care Act in 2010)
What is the Corporatization of Health Care Delivery?
The shift from health care being provided by individual
practitioners and non-profit community hospitals to large, for-
profit corporate entities that own and manage hospitals, clinics,
and other facilities.
What are Managed Care Organizations (MCOs), and why
were they dominant in the Corporate Era?
Entities like HMOs and PPOs that integrate the financing and
delivery of care. Dominance: They became the primary model
for controlling costs by managing physician behavior, requiring
pre-authorizations, and negotiating provider networks.
Highly specialized medical care, usually provided in large
hospitals or specialized centers, that involves advanced medical
procedures and treatments such as neurosurgery, complex cancer
treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and organ
transplants...most accurately describes a) Primary Care b)
Secondary Care c) Teritary Care
C
,How did Globalization manifest in the health care sector during
the Corporate Era?
Medical Tourism: Patients traveling internationally for more
affordable or immediate care.
Supply Chains: Sourcing of pharmaceuticals and medical
equipment from a global market.
Offshoring: Business processes (like medical billing) being
performed in other countries.
What is Telemedicine, and how does it fit the Corporate Era's
themes?
The remote diagnosis and treatment of patients via
telecommunications technology.
Fit: It represents an efficiency and cost-saving innovation,
allowing for the delivery of care across greater distances,
aligning with corporate goals.
What was the overarching goal that defined the Corporate Era?
cost Control and Efficiency.
The application of business and market principles to manage
the rapidly rising costs of the health care system.
What state-level precedent served as a model for the federal
Affordable Care Act (ACA)?
MassachusettsThe 2006 "Romneycare" reform included an
individual mandate, health insurance exchange, and Medicaid
expansion, proving a similar model could work at the state level.
, How was the Affordable Care Act (ACA) passed in 2010?
It was passed by a Democratic-controlled House and Senate
and signed by President Obama.Key Fact: No Republican
members of Congress voted in favor of the final bill, making it
a deeply partisan law.
The biggest payer of healthcare premiums in the United States
is... a) Individuals b) Employers c) The Government
B
What was the significance of the NFIB v. Sebelius
(2012) Supreme Court ruling for the ACA?
It upheld the ACA's individual mandate but redefined it as a
valid tax, not a penalty under the Commerce Clause. It also
made the Medicaid expansion optional for states.
What were the major immediate consequences in
the Aftermath of the ACA's passage?
Political: Intense, ongoing political polarization and efforts to
repeal or undermine the law.
Coverage: A major reduction in the uninsured rate, with
millions gaining coverage through Medicaid expansion and
health insurance marketplaces.
Systemic: The law became deeply embedded in the U.S. health
care system, shaping insurance regulations and delivery system
reforms.
What defines the "Era of Health Care Reform" that began in
2010?
