Aeromedical exam Questions and answers
1870 Siege of Paris:
160 soldiers were airlifted by hot air balloon.
1928
Nicaragua- Pilot used an aircraft with engine
Helicopters:
There are 2 types in EMS:
- Single engine: Lighter, uses less fuel.
- Twin engine: Quicker due to thrust power of the second engine. If 1 engine goes out the aircraft loses
80% power.
Aircraft Components:
Fuselage:
The fuselage is one of the major aircraft componenets with its long hollow tube thats also known as the
body of the airplance, which hold the passabgers along with cargo. This area includes the cockpit, so the
pilots are in the front of the fuselage. Despite there being different types of fuselages, they all connect
the major parts of the airplane together.
Wings:
Commonly known as foils, are aircraft parts that are imperative for flight. The airflow over he wings is
what generates most of the lifting force necessary for flight. Along with the large wings that stem from
the middle of the fuselage, the wings also include the two smaller ones at the back of the aircraft, at the
tail.
Empennage:
- The tail end of the plane. It helps with stability of the plane and has two main components called the
rudder and the elevator. The rudder helps the aircraft steer from right to left, and the elevator helps
with the up and down.
Power Plant:
- Stucture that include the engine and the propeller. The engine itself is a complicated system comprised
of many smaller parts like cylinders, fans, and pistons. Together, these aircraft engine parts work to
generate the power or thrust of an aircraft.
Landing Gear:
-You cannot have a safe plane without landing gear. The landing gear is also used to help the aircraft
take off and taxi.
- Includes the shock absorbers and wheels of the plane.
,Visual Flight Rules: (VFR)
The aircraft is intended to operate in visual meteorlogical conditions (nice weather, clear sky). Clouds,
heavy precipitation, low visability, and otherwise adverse weather condition should be avoided under
VFR.
Most general aviation flying and flight training occurs in visual meterological conditions.
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR):
implies thatthe flight may operate in instrument meterological conditions (IMC, meaning cloudy or
otherwise adverse weather conditions). However, many aircraft may operate under IFR while
completing the entirety of the flight in VMC (visual meterological conditions) due to the efficiency
provided by the IFR flying s well as the safety of continueing to avoid the bad weather.
Just becuase you can fly in the clouds or less than acceptable weather conditions doesn't mean you
should.
While IFR provides efficiency, additional safety, and usually consistent contact with the air traffic
control, it requires that pilots follow an exact pre-determined/pre-planned flight route. Deviations are
allowed in instances of emergencies, diversions, traffic and weather avoidance, but generally air traffic
control expects you to fly the route and altitiude you were given, called clearance.
VFR flying however, affords the freedom of flying any route and altitude you choose, barring specific
airspace limitations .
Choosing whether to fly VFR or IFR depends on several factors including:
-Equipment available on the aircraft
- Current and forecast weather conditions.
- Goals of the flight.
Fixed VS. Rotary Wing
- Fixed wing is less susceptible to weather conditions
- Decreased response time to patients >160km
- Fixed wind can travel greater distances.
Aviation Terms:
Flight deck- cockpit
Port- left
Starboard- right.
Forces of Flight
Lift
Drage
, Weight
Thrust
The aircraft cabin predisposes the crew and patient to:
- Varying oxygen levels
- Varying pressure, heat and vibration levels
- Changes in humidity levels.
This increases the effective workload of all members.
The captian of the plane has overall responsibility for:
The weight of the plane which includes:
- The plane
- Fuel
- Pilots
- Passangers
Preperations to changes in the cabin of the aircaft are:
- Patient readiness
- Crew familiarity
These may reduce the effects of the flight.
At altitude, it is vitally important to monitor oxygenation as cabin altitude changes. Goals of oxygen
therapy are:
- To increase the alveolar concentration of oxygen
- To decrease the demand on the pulmonary system.
- Decrease myocardial work.
Boyels Law
At a constant temperature, the volume of a given gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of which
it is subjected to.
- As altitude increases, the gas inside a closed space os subject to expansion. This expansion may be as
great as 20% at an altitude of 8,000 feet when the temperature remains constant.
- Important factor: if the patient is dealing with bodily injuries or diseases (ex: pneumothorax or bowel
obstruction).
- This law can also explain the mechanism by which the air is exchange between atmosphere and the
lungs, If the container a gas occupies is doubled, the pressure within that container is halved. (The lungs
work under this prinicple) As the chest expands due to movement of the thoracic cage and diaphragm,
the container (chest) increases in size. This action decreases the pressure within the chest cavity to that
of sub-atmopsheric, causing ambient air to rush in until the pressure is equalized.
- MAST pants will increase the pressure on the patient as the gas expands. Monitor the patient closely
for too much pressure excerted on the patient.
1870 Siege of Paris:
160 soldiers were airlifted by hot air balloon.
1928
Nicaragua- Pilot used an aircraft with engine
Helicopters:
There are 2 types in EMS:
- Single engine: Lighter, uses less fuel.
- Twin engine: Quicker due to thrust power of the second engine. If 1 engine goes out the aircraft loses
80% power.
Aircraft Components:
Fuselage:
The fuselage is one of the major aircraft componenets with its long hollow tube thats also known as the
body of the airplance, which hold the passabgers along with cargo. This area includes the cockpit, so the
pilots are in the front of the fuselage. Despite there being different types of fuselages, they all connect
the major parts of the airplane together.
Wings:
Commonly known as foils, are aircraft parts that are imperative for flight. The airflow over he wings is
what generates most of the lifting force necessary for flight. Along with the large wings that stem from
the middle of the fuselage, the wings also include the two smaller ones at the back of the aircraft, at the
tail.
Empennage:
- The tail end of the plane. It helps with stability of the plane and has two main components called the
rudder and the elevator. The rudder helps the aircraft steer from right to left, and the elevator helps
with the up and down.
Power Plant:
- Stucture that include the engine and the propeller. The engine itself is a complicated system comprised
of many smaller parts like cylinders, fans, and pistons. Together, these aircraft engine parts work to
generate the power or thrust of an aircraft.
Landing Gear:
-You cannot have a safe plane without landing gear. The landing gear is also used to help the aircraft
take off and taxi.
- Includes the shock absorbers and wheels of the plane.
,Visual Flight Rules: (VFR)
The aircraft is intended to operate in visual meteorlogical conditions (nice weather, clear sky). Clouds,
heavy precipitation, low visability, and otherwise adverse weather condition should be avoided under
VFR.
Most general aviation flying and flight training occurs in visual meterological conditions.
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR):
implies thatthe flight may operate in instrument meterological conditions (IMC, meaning cloudy or
otherwise adverse weather conditions). However, many aircraft may operate under IFR while
completing the entirety of the flight in VMC (visual meterological conditions) due to the efficiency
provided by the IFR flying s well as the safety of continueing to avoid the bad weather.
Just becuase you can fly in the clouds or less than acceptable weather conditions doesn't mean you
should.
While IFR provides efficiency, additional safety, and usually consistent contact with the air traffic
control, it requires that pilots follow an exact pre-determined/pre-planned flight route. Deviations are
allowed in instances of emergencies, diversions, traffic and weather avoidance, but generally air traffic
control expects you to fly the route and altitiude you were given, called clearance.
VFR flying however, affords the freedom of flying any route and altitude you choose, barring specific
airspace limitations .
Choosing whether to fly VFR or IFR depends on several factors including:
-Equipment available on the aircraft
- Current and forecast weather conditions.
- Goals of the flight.
Fixed VS. Rotary Wing
- Fixed wing is less susceptible to weather conditions
- Decreased response time to patients >160km
- Fixed wind can travel greater distances.
Aviation Terms:
Flight deck- cockpit
Port- left
Starboard- right.
Forces of Flight
Lift
Drage
, Weight
Thrust
The aircraft cabin predisposes the crew and patient to:
- Varying oxygen levels
- Varying pressure, heat and vibration levels
- Changes in humidity levels.
This increases the effective workload of all members.
The captian of the plane has overall responsibility for:
The weight of the plane which includes:
- The plane
- Fuel
- Pilots
- Passangers
Preperations to changes in the cabin of the aircaft are:
- Patient readiness
- Crew familiarity
These may reduce the effects of the flight.
At altitude, it is vitally important to monitor oxygenation as cabin altitude changes. Goals of oxygen
therapy are:
- To increase the alveolar concentration of oxygen
- To decrease the demand on the pulmonary system.
- Decrease myocardial work.
Boyels Law
At a constant temperature, the volume of a given gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of which
it is subjected to.
- As altitude increases, the gas inside a closed space os subject to expansion. This expansion may be as
great as 20% at an altitude of 8,000 feet when the temperature remains constant.
- Important factor: if the patient is dealing with bodily injuries or diseases (ex: pneumothorax or bowel
obstruction).
- This law can also explain the mechanism by which the air is exchange between atmosphere and the
lungs, If the container a gas occupies is doubled, the pressure within that container is halved. (The lungs
work under this prinicple) As the chest expands due to movement of the thoracic cage and diaphragm,
the container (chest) increases in size. This action decreases the pressure within the chest cavity to that
of sub-atmopsheric, causing ambient air to rush in until the pressure is equalized.
- MAST pants will increase the pressure on the patient as the gas expands. Monitor the patient closely
for too much pressure excerted on the patient.
