a-IPC Exam Questions and answers
experimental design - ✅✅Studies preventions and treatments for diseases; investigator manipulates
which groups receive agent under study
observational study - ✅✅studies causes, preventions, and treatments for diseases; investigator
passively observes things taking course
cohort - ✅✅Examines multiple health effects of an exposure; subjects defined according to exposure
and followed by disease occurrence
Case-control study - ✅✅examines multiple exposures in relation to disease; subjects defined as cases
and controls; exposure histories compared
cross-sectional study - ✅✅examines relationship bw exposure and disease prevalence in defined
population at a single point in time
ecological study - ✅✅relationship between exposure an disease with population level rather than
individual level
Null Hypothesis (H0) - ✅✅A statement of "no difference."
type I error (incorrectly rejecting the H0) - ✅✅rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true and
attributing significance when there is none. Say there is a difference when there is none
type II error - ✅✅saying there is no difference when there is one
Incidence - ✅✅risk, attack rate (outbreaks), incidence proportion
Standardized infection ratio - ✅✅measure that compares HAI rates over time to compare rates of
one facility to the national standard (CLABSI, CAUTI, C. diff)
experimental design - ✅✅Studies preventions and treatments for diseases; investigator manipulates
which groups receive agent under study
observational study - ✅✅studies causes, preventions, and treatments for diseases; investigator
passively observes things taking course
cohort - ✅✅Examines multiple health effects of an exposure; subjects defined according to exposure
and followed by disease occurrence
Case-control study - ✅✅examines multiple exposures in relation to disease; subjects defined as cases
and controls; exposure histories compared
cross-sectional study - ✅✅examines relationship bw exposure and disease prevalence in defined
population at a single point in time
ecological study - ✅✅relationship between exposure an disease with population level rather than
individual level
Null Hypothesis (H0) - ✅✅A statement of "no difference."
type I error (incorrectly rejecting the H0) - ✅✅rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true and
attributing significance when there is none. Say there is a difference when there is none
type II error - ✅✅saying there is no difference when there is one
Incidence - ✅✅risk, attack rate (outbreaks), incidence proportion
Standardized infection ratio - ✅✅measure that compares HAI rates over time to compare rates of
one facility to the national standard (CLABSI, CAUTI, C. diff)
