NPRO 1100,EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY
WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST
ALREADY GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
Surfactant - ANSWERS-substance produced by specialized
alveoli cells that requires adequate oxygen in order to
prevent alveoli from sticking together or collapsing, making
it easier to expel air
released during expiration when lungs deflate
Most recognizable symptom of croup - ANSWERS-barking
cough
Albuterol - ANSWERS-short-acting/rescue
beta 2 adrenergic agonist
most common rescue inhaler
,oral or inhaled
Formoterol and Salmeterol - ANSWERS-long-acting
for long-term control, not acute flare-ups/wheezing
beta 2 adrenergic agonist
prevention of exercised-induced asthma
Fluticasone and Budesonide - ANSWERS-reduces
inflammation
not for acute flares
corticosteroid
drug of choice for asthma inflammation
inhaled
,rinse mouth after inhalation to reduce local side effects
what does hematocrit measure and what are the normal
ranges - ANSWERS-measures the percentage of RBC in
whole blood volume
normal ranges: 40%-50% for males
35%-45% for females
sodium ranges - ANSWERS-135-145 mEq/L
potassium ranges - ANSWERS-3.5-5 mEq/L
calcium ranges - ANSWERS-8.5-10.5 mEq/L
magnesium ranges - ANSWERS-1.5-2.3 mEq/L
O2 sat ranges - ANSWERS-95-100%
, what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hyponatremia -
ANSWERS-causes: GI fluid loss, hypotonic IV fluid, heart
failure, diuretic use
signs and symptoms: dizziness, confusion, weakness,
nausea, vomiting
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypernatremia -
ANSWERS-causes: dehydration, heatstroke, diabetes
insipidus
signs and symptoms: thirst, dry/sticky mucous membranes,
irritability, hallucinations, restlessness
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypokalemia -
ANSWERS-causes: GI fluid loss, bulimia, metabolic acidosis
signs and symptoms: irregular/weak pulse, EKG changes,
muscle weakness, decreased bowel motility
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia -
ANSWERS-causes: kidney injury, adrenal insufficiency,
diabetic ketoacidosis
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY
WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST
ALREADY GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
Surfactant - ANSWERS-substance produced by specialized
alveoli cells that requires adequate oxygen in order to
prevent alveoli from sticking together or collapsing, making
it easier to expel air
released during expiration when lungs deflate
Most recognizable symptom of croup - ANSWERS-barking
cough
Albuterol - ANSWERS-short-acting/rescue
beta 2 adrenergic agonist
most common rescue inhaler
,oral or inhaled
Formoterol and Salmeterol - ANSWERS-long-acting
for long-term control, not acute flare-ups/wheezing
beta 2 adrenergic agonist
prevention of exercised-induced asthma
Fluticasone and Budesonide - ANSWERS-reduces
inflammation
not for acute flares
corticosteroid
drug of choice for asthma inflammation
inhaled
,rinse mouth after inhalation to reduce local side effects
what does hematocrit measure and what are the normal
ranges - ANSWERS-measures the percentage of RBC in
whole blood volume
normal ranges: 40%-50% for males
35%-45% for females
sodium ranges - ANSWERS-135-145 mEq/L
potassium ranges - ANSWERS-3.5-5 mEq/L
calcium ranges - ANSWERS-8.5-10.5 mEq/L
magnesium ranges - ANSWERS-1.5-2.3 mEq/L
O2 sat ranges - ANSWERS-95-100%
, what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hyponatremia -
ANSWERS-causes: GI fluid loss, hypotonic IV fluid, heart
failure, diuretic use
signs and symptoms: dizziness, confusion, weakness,
nausea, vomiting
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypernatremia -
ANSWERS-causes: dehydration, heatstroke, diabetes
insipidus
signs and symptoms: thirst, dry/sticky mucous membranes,
irritability, hallucinations, restlessness
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypokalemia -
ANSWERS-causes: GI fluid loss, bulimia, metabolic acidosis
signs and symptoms: irregular/weak pulse, EKG changes,
muscle weakness, decreased bowel motility
what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia -
ANSWERS-causes: kidney injury, adrenal insufficiency,
diabetic ketoacidosis
