Biological Science, Canadian Edition., 2e (Freeman et al.)
b b b b b b b
Chapter 1 Biology and the Tree of Life
b b b b b b b b
1) The pattern component of the cell theory claims that all organisms consist of cells.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) true
B) false
Answer:
b
bA
Reference: Section 1.1 b b
Bloom's Level: Remembering
b b b
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b
2) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?
b b b b b b b b b
A) There is no difference—the terms are interchangeable.
b b b b b b
B) A theory is an explanation for a very general phenomenon or observation; hypotheses treat
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
more specific observations.
b b b
C) A hypothesis is an explanation for a very general phenomenon; theories treat more specific
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
issues.
b
D) Theories define scientific laws; hypotheses are used to set up experiments.
b b b b b b b b b b
Answer: B
b b
Reference: Section 1.1 b b
Bloom's Level: Comprehensionb b
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b
3) Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter and have
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
structures similar to stems, leaves, and roots. Reproduction occurs when adults produce sperm
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
and eggs that fuse to form offspring. Each adult Caulerpa, however, consists of just a single cell.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Which of the following statements is true?
b b b b b b b
A) Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theory—that all organisms consist of cells.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
B) Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theory—that all cells come from
b b b b b b b b b b b b
preexisting cells.
b b
C) Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b b b
D) The existence of Caulerpa is consistent with the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b
Answer: D
b b
Reference: Section 1.1 b b
Bloom's Level: Comprehensionb b
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b
4) Which statement about spontaneous generation is FALSE?
b b b b b b
A) Pasteur demonstrated that it does not occur under normal laboratory conditions.
b b b b b b b b b b
B) It apparently occurred at least once–when life on Earth began.
b b b b b b b b b
C) It occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species.
b b b b b b b b b b b
D) It addresses the formation of living cells from previously nonliving material.
b b b b b b b b b b
Answer: C
b b
Reference: Section 1.1 b b
Bloom's Level: Remembering
b b b
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b
,5) Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous generation. Originally, he used sealed and
b b b b b b b b b b
unsealed flasks instead of swan-necked and unsealed flasks. Critics claimed that the experiment
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
was inconclusive. Which of the following criticisms would be addressed by using a swan-necked
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
flask instead of the sealed flask?
b b b b b b
A) The broth was heated too intensively.
b b b b b
B) There had not been enough time for spontaneous generation to occur.
b b b b b b b b b b
C) Fresh air is required for spontaneous generation.
b b b b b b
D) The broth was not nutritious enough.
b b b b b
Answer: C
b b
Reference: Section 1.1 b b
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Applying
b b
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b
6) Which of the following is the best example of a heritable variation?
b b b b b b b b b b b
A) skin cancer b
B) amputation
C) red hair b
D) love for music b b
Answer: C
b b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Comprehensionb b
LOs: Chp1-1. Name five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms.
b b b b b b b b b b
7) How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
b b b b b b b
A) Artificial selection occurs only in computer simulations, not with actual organisms.
b b b b b b b b b b
B) Artificial selection is based on conscious choices by humans.
b b b b b b b b
C) Artificial selection occurs only with plants.b b b b b
D) Artificial selection is not based on heritable variation, but on new mutations.
b b b b b b b b b b b
Answer: B
b b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Comprehensionb b
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
population.
b
,8) Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of Staphylococcus
b b b b b b b b b b b
aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most antibiotics. If antibiotic use
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
were stopped, what would you predict would happen to these S. aureus populations?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) They will go extinct without the antibiotic.
b b b b b b
B) The populations will begin colonizing new environments.
b b b b b b
C) The frequency of nonresistant forms will increase in these populations.
b b b b b b b b b
D) The frequency of resistant forms will definitely increase in these populations.
b b b b b b b b b b
Answer: C
b b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Applying
b b b
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
population.
b
9) Environments all over the world are changing as a result of global warming. Could this
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
influence natural selection?
b b b
A) No. The environment is always changing. Global warming is nothing new.
b b b b b b b b b b
B) Yes. Traits that help individuals produce more offspring in warmer environments will
b b b b b b b b b b b
increase in frequency.
b b b
C) No. The only change will be that species from hot environments will expand their ranges.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
D) Yes. Mutations occur more frequently in hot environments.
b b b b b b b
Answer: B
b b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Applying
b b b
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
population.
b
10) The "heat" in chili peppers is due to a molecule called capsaicin. Suppose you breed chili
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
peppers that have low amounts of capsaicin over many generations in order to make them milder
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
(have less capsaicin). What process is occurring?
b b b b b b b
A) heritable variation b
B) environmental change b
C) natural selection b
D) artificial selection b
Answer: D
b b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering
b b
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
population.
b
, 11) The "heat" in chili peppers is due to a molecule called capsaicin. Suppose you breed only the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
hottest chili peppers over many generations–predict the characteristics of the resulting
b b b b b b b b b b b
individuals.
b
A) larger fruits b
B) smaller fruits b
C) less capsaicin
b
D) more capsaicin b
Answer: D
b b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Applying
b b b
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
population.
b
12) Starting from the wild mustard Brassica oleracea, breeders have created the strains known as
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Brussel sprouts, broccoli, kale, and cabbage. Which of the following statements is supported by
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
this observation?
b b
A) In this species, there is enough heritable variation to create a variety of features.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
B) Heritable variation is low–otherwise the wild strain would have different characteristics.
b b b b b b b b b b
C) Natural selection has not occurred very frequently in the wild populations.
b b b b b b b b b b
D) In this species, most of the variation present is due to differences in soil, nutrition, amount of
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
sunlight, or other aspects of the environment.
b b b b b b b
Answer: A b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Applying
b b b
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
population.
b
13) Which of the following best reflects a phylogenetic conclusion regarding chimpanzees and
b b b b b b b b b b b
baboons?
b
A) They are grouped together because they both have opposable thumbs.
b b b b b b b b b
B) They are grouped together because they both feed their young breast milk.
b b b b b b b b b b b
C) They are grouped together because they have a common ancestor in recent history.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
D) They are grouped together because they live in similar habitats.
b b b b b b b b b
Answer: C
b b
Reference: Section 1.3 b b
Bloom's Level: Remembering
b b b
LOs: Chp1-4. Read a phylogenetic tree, and understand the role of similarities and differences in
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
constructing phylogenetic trees.
b b b
b b b b b b b
Chapter 1 Biology and the Tree of Life
b b b b b b b b
1) The pattern component of the cell theory claims that all organisms consist of cells.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) true
B) false
Answer:
b
bA
Reference: Section 1.1 b b
Bloom's Level: Remembering
b b b
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b
2) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?
b b b b b b b b b
A) There is no difference—the terms are interchangeable.
b b b b b b
B) A theory is an explanation for a very general phenomenon or observation; hypotheses treat
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
more specific observations.
b b b
C) A hypothesis is an explanation for a very general phenomenon; theories treat more specific
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
issues.
b
D) Theories define scientific laws; hypotheses are used to set up experiments.
b b b b b b b b b b
Answer: B
b b
Reference: Section 1.1 b b
Bloom's Level: Comprehensionb b
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b
3) Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter and have
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
structures similar to stems, leaves, and roots. Reproduction occurs when adults produce sperm
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
and eggs that fuse to form offspring. Each adult Caulerpa, however, consists of just a single cell.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Which of the following statements is true?
b b b b b b b
A) Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theory—that all organisms consist of cells.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
B) Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theory—that all cells come from
b b b b b b b b b b b b
preexisting cells.
b b
C) Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b b b
D) The existence of Caulerpa is consistent with the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b
Answer: D
b b
Reference: Section 1.1 b b
Bloom's Level: Comprehensionb b
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b
4) Which statement about spontaneous generation is FALSE?
b b b b b b
A) Pasteur demonstrated that it does not occur under normal laboratory conditions.
b b b b b b b b b b
B) It apparently occurred at least once–when life on Earth began.
b b b b b b b b b
C) It occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species.
b b b b b b b b b b b
D) It addresses the formation of living cells from previously nonliving material.
b b b b b b b b b b
Answer: C
b b
Reference: Section 1.1 b b
Bloom's Level: Remembering
b b b
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b
,5) Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous generation. Originally, he used sealed and
b b b b b b b b b b
unsealed flasks instead of swan-necked and unsealed flasks. Critics claimed that the experiment
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
was inconclusive. Which of the following criticisms would be addressed by using a swan-necked
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
flask instead of the sealed flask?
b b b b b b
A) The broth was heated too intensively.
b b b b b
B) There had not been enough time for spontaneous generation to occur.
b b b b b b b b b b
C) Fresh air is required for spontaneous generation.
b b b b b b
D) The broth was not nutritious enough.
b b b b b
Answer: C
b b
Reference: Section 1.1 b b
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Applying
b b
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
b b b b b b b b b
6) Which of the following is the best example of a heritable variation?
b b b b b b b b b b b
A) skin cancer b
B) amputation
C) red hair b
D) love for music b b
Answer: C
b b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Comprehensionb b
LOs: Chp1-1. Name five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms.
b b b b b b b b b b
7) How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
b b b b b b b
A) Artificial selection occurs only in computer simulations, not with actual organisms.
b b b b b b b b b b
B) Artificial selection is based on conscious choices by humans.
b b b b b b b b
C) Artificial selection occurs only with plants.b b b b b
D) Artificial selection is not based on heritable variation, but on new mutations.
b b b b b b b b b b b
Answer: B
b b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Comprehensionb b
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
population.
b
,8) Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of Staphylococcus
b b b b b b b b b b b
aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most antibiotics. If antibiotic use
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
were stopped, what would you predict would happen to these S. aureus populations?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) They will go extinct without the antibiotic.
b b b b b b
B) The populations will begin colonizing new environments.
b b b b b b
C) The frequency of nonresistant forms will increase in these populations.
b b b b b b b b b
D) The frequency of resistant forms will definitely increase in these populations.
b b b b b b b b b b
Answer: C
b b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Applying
b b b
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
population.
b
9) Environments all over the world are changing as a result of global warming. Could this
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
influence natural selection?
b b b
A) No. The environment is always changing. Global warming is nothing new.
b b b b b b b b b b
B) Yes. Traits that help individuals produce more offspring in warmer environments will
b b b b b b b b b b b
increase in frequency.
b b b
C) No. The only change will be that species from hot environments will expand their ranges.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
D) Yes. Mutations occur more frequently in hot environments.
b b b b b b b
Answer: B
b b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Applying
b b b
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
population.
b
10) The "heat" in chili peppers is due to a molecule called capsaicin. Suppose you breed chili
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
peppers that have low amounts of capsaicin over many generations in order to make them milder
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
(have less capsaicin). What process is occurring?
b b b b b b b
A) heritable variation b
B) environmental change b
C) natural selection b
D) artificial selection b
Answer: D
b b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering
b b
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
population.
b
, 11) The "heat" in chili peppers is due to a molecule called capsaicin. Suppose you breed only the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
hottest chili peppers over many generations–predict the characteristics of the resulting
b b b b b b b b b b b
individuals.
b
A) larger fruits b
B) smaller fruits b
C) less capsaicin
b
D) more capsaicin b
Answer: D
b b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Applying
b b b
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
population.
b
12) Starting from the wild mustard Brassica oleracea, breeders have created the strains known as
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Brussel sprouts, broccoli, kale, and cabbage. Which of the following statements is supported by
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
this observation?
b b
A) In this species, there is enough heritable variation to create a variety of features.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
B) Heritable variation is low–otherwise the wild strain would have different characteristics.
b b b b b b b b b b
C) Natural selection has not occurred very frequently in the wild populations.
b b b b b b b b b b
D) In this species, most of the variation present is due to differences in soil, nutrition, amount of
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
sunlight, or other aspects of the environment.
b b b b b b b
Answer: A b
Reference: Section 1.2 b b
Bloom's Level: Applying
b b b
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
population.
b
13) Which of the following best reflects a phylogenetic conclusion regarding chimpanzees and
b b b b b b b b b b b
baboons?
b
A) They are grouped together because they both have opposable thumbs.
b b b b b b b b b
B) They are grouped together because they both feed their young breast milk.
b b b b b b b b b b b
C) They are grouped together because they have a common ancestor in recent history.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
D) They are grouped together because they live in similar habitats.
b b b b b b b b b
Answer: C
b b
Reference: Section 1.3 b b
Bloom's Level: Remembering
b b b
LOs: Chp1-4. Read a phylogenetic tree, and understand the role of similarities and differences in
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
constructing phylogenetic trees.
b b b
