First Aid- Rapid Review 2026 Exam
Questions and Answers
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly - Correct answer-Budd-Chiari Syndrome
(posthepatic venous thrombosis, can be related to Polycythemia vera)
Achilles tendon Xanthoma - Correct answer-Familial Hyper cholesterolemia (low
LDL receptor signaling)
AD
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC - Correct answer-Waterhouse-Frieerichsen
syndrome (Neisseria meningitidis)
Arachnodactyly (spider fingers), lens dislocation, aortic dissection or aneurysm,
hyperflexible joints, pectus excavatum - Correct answer-Marfan Syndrome
(fibrillin defect)
AD
Bilateral acoustic schwannomas - Correct answer-Neurofibromatosis type 2
S-100, cerebellopontine angle
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,Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis, high ACE, hypercalcemia (activated
macrophages for Vit D), interstitial fibrosis, erythema nodosum, high CD4 -
Correct answer-Sarcoidosis (non-caseating granulomas)
Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis - Correct answer-Mucor
or Rhizopus fungal infection
Travels through cribiform plate vessels
Blue sclera - Correct answer-Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Type I collagen defect
forming triple helix)
Blue due to exposure of choroidal veins
Bluish line on gingiva and basophilic stippling - Correct answer-Burton line (lead
poisoning)
Basophilic stippling (rRNA remnants)
Constipation, anemia, CNS impairment
Bone pain, bone enlargement (hat size or hearing loss), arthritis - Correct answer-
Paget disease of bone (Increased osteoclastic, then osteoblastic activity)
Osteosarcoma or heart failure
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,"Butterfly" facial rash or discoid rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female
- Correct answer-Systemic lupus erythematosus
Type III Hypersensitivity (antigen-antibody complexes deposit) with
glomerulonephritis
Type II hypersensitivity with autoimmune hemolysis
Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hemartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas -
Correct answer-Neurofibromatosis Type I, pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas
Cafe-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty,
multiple endocrine abnormalities - Correct answer-McCune-Albright syndrome
(mosaicism, G-protein signaling mutation)
Calf pseudohypertrophy - Correct answer-Muscular dystrophy (Duchenne, due to
X-linked frameshift > truncated dystrophin)
Dilated cardiomyopathy
High CK
Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash on palms and soles, coronary
aneurysms, red conjuctivae, and strawberry tongue - Correct answer-Kawasaki
disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin which inhibits TXA2)
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, "Cherry-red spots" on macula - Correct answer-Tay-Sachs (ganglioside
accumulation - NO hepatosplenomegaly)
Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation)
Central retinal artery occlusion
Chest pain on exertion - Correct answer-Angina (stable: with moderate exertion,
*cellular swelling indicates reversibility*, atherosclerosis; unstable: with minimal
exertion or at rest, partial occlusion)
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI (weeks
later) - Correct answer-Dressler syndrome (autoimmune mediated post-MI
fibrinous pericarditis, 2-12 weeks after acute episode)
Chest pain with ST depressions EKG - Correct answer-Subendocaridal ischemia
Unstable angina (troponins -, reversible) and NSTEMI (troponins +, irreversible)
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body - Correct
answer-"Slapped cheeks" (Erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
Single-stranded DNA virus
Aplastic Anemia in Sickle Cell, B-thalessemia
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Questions and Answers
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly - Correct answer-Budd-Chiari Syndrome
(posthepatic venous thrombosis, can be related to Polycythemia vera)
Achilles tendon Xanthoma - Correct answer-Familial Hyper cholesterolemia (low
LDL receptor signaling)
AD
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC - Correct answer-Waterhouse-Frieerichsen
syndrome (Neisseria meningitidis)
Arachnodactyly (spider fingers), lens dislocation, aortic dissection or aneurysm,
hyperflexible joints, pectus excavatum - Correct answer-Marfan Syndrome
(fibrillin defect)
AD
Bilateral acoustic schwannomas - Correct answer-Neurofibromatosis type 2
S-100, cerebellopontine angle
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis, high ACE, hypercalcemia (activated
macrophages for Vit D), interstitial fibrosis, erythema nodosum, high CD4 -
Correct answer-Sarcoidosis (non-caseating granulomas)
Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis - Correct answer-Mucor
or Rhizopus fungal infection
Travels through cribiform plate vessels
Blue sclera - Correct answer-Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Type I collagen defect
forming triple helix)
Blue due to exposure of choroidal veins
Bluish line on gingiva and basophilic stippling - Correct answer-Burton line (lead
poisoning)
Basophilic stippling (rRNA remnants)
Constipation, anemia, CNS impairment
Bone pain, bone enlargement (hat size or hearing loss), arthritis - Correct answer-
Paget disease of bone (Increased osteoclastic, then osteoblastic activity)
Osteosarcoma or heart failure
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,"Butterfly" facial rash or discoid rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female
- Correct answer-Systemic lupus erythematosus
Type III Hypersensitivity (antigen-antibody complexes deposit) with
glomerulonephritis
Type II hypersensitivity with autoimmune hemolysis
Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hemartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas -
Correct answer-Neurofibromatosis Type I, pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas
Cafe-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty,
multiple endocrine abnormalities - Correct answer-McCune-Albright syndrome
(mosaicism, G-protein signaling mutation)
Calf pseudohypertrophy - Correct answer-Muscular dystrophy (Duchenne, due to
X-linked frameshift > truncated dystrophin)
Dilated cardiomyopathy
High CK
Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash on palms and soles, coronary
aneurysms, red conjuctivae, and strawberry tongue - Correct answer-Kawasaki
disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin which inhibits TXA2)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, "Cherry-red spots" on macula - Correct answer-Tay-Sachs (ganglioside
accumulation - NO hepatosplenomegaly)
Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation)
Central retinal artery occlusion
Chest pain on exertion - Correct answer-Angina (stable: with moderate exertion,
*cellular swelling indicates reversibility*, atherosclerosis; unstable: with minimal
exertion or at rest, partial occlusion)
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI (weeks
later) - Correct answer-Dressler syndrome (autoimmune mediated post-MI
fibrinous pericarditis, 2-12 weeks after acute episode)
Chest pain with ST depressions EKG - Correct answer-Subendocaridal ischemia
Unstable angina (troponins -, reversible) and NSTEMI (troponins +, irreversible)
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body - Correct
answer-"Slapped cheeks" (Erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
Single-stranded DNA virus
Aplastic Anemia in Sickle Cell, B-thalessemia
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
