FRESENIUS RN EXAMPREP 2026 ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
● patient care technician Answer: Evaluate patients and reinforce
nursing education
● Physician Answer: Order changes to the dialysate bath based on
patient lab values. Directs all patient care
● What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of
urine flow? Answer: 2 kidneys
2 ureters
bladder
urethra
The kidneys produce urine which is transported by the ureters to the
bladder to be stored and then excreted from the body via the urethra
● What is a nephron and glomerulus and what is their function?
Answer: A nephron is a tubular structure and filters blood to form urine.
Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney. The nephron is
composed of the glomerulus (tangled cluster of capillaries surrounded by
the bowman's capsule
,● What are the kidneys 7 functions? (A wet bed) Answer: A - acid/base
balance maintenance
W - water balance maintenance
E - electrolyte balance
T - toxin removal
B - Blood Pressure regulation
E - erythropoietin production
D - vitamin D metabolism
● What are the functions of a healthy kidney?
REMOVE Answer: Waste products - creatinine, urea and uric acid,
ammonia
● What are the functions of a healthy kidney?
REGULATE / SYNTHESIS Answer: Fluid balance, blood volume,
electrolytes and acid-base balance, synthesize calcitriol (active vitamin
D)
● What are the functions of a healthy kidney?
ENDOCRINE / ENZYME Answer: Secrete erythropoietin
- Stimulate bone marrow to make RBC's
Release renin
, - when released - increases BP
● What is the glomerular filtration rate? Answer: describes the flow rate
of filtered fluid through the kidney and is categorized by stages
● GFR stage 1 Answer: Normal kidney function but urine or other
abnormalities point to kidney disease (GFR is 90+)
● GFR stage 2 Answer: Mildly reduced kidney function, urine or other
abnormalities point to kidney disease (GFR is 60-89)
● GFR stage 3 Answer: Moderately reduced kidney function (GFR is
30-59)
● GFR stage 4 Answer: Severely reduced kidney function (GFR is 15-
29)
● GFR stage 5 Answer: Very severely reduced kidney function (CKD)
(GFR is < 15)
● What are the types of kidney failure? Answer: Acute renal failure
(ARF) also known as AKI and chronic renal failure (CRF)
● Acute renal failure Answer: Sudden onset - drug toxicity
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
● patient care technician Answer: Evaluate patients and reinforce
nursing education
● Physician Answer: Order changes to the dialysate bath based on
patient lab values. Directs all patient care
● What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of
urine flow? Answer: 2 kidneys
2 ureters
bladder
urethra
The kidneys produce urine which is transported by the ureters to the
bladder to be stored and then excreted from the body via the urethra
● What is a nephron and glomerulus and what is their function?
Answer: A nephron is a tubular structure and filters blood to form urine.
Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney. The nephron is
composed of the glomerulus (tangled cluster of capillaries surrounded by
the bowman's capsule
,● What are the kidneys 7 functions? (A wet bed) Answer: A - acid/base
balance maintenance
W - water balance maintenance
E - electrolyte balance
T - toxin removal
B - Blood Pressure regulation
E - erythropoietin production
D - vitamin D metabolism
● What are the functions of a healthy kidney?
REMOVE Answer: Waste products - creatinine, urea and uric acid,
ammonia
● What are the functions of a healthy kidney?
REGULATE / SYNTHESIS Answer: Fluid balance, blood volume,
electrolytes and acid-base balance, synthesize calcitriol (active vitamin
D)
● What are the functions of a healthy kidney?
ENDOCRINE / ENZYME Answer: Secrete erythropoietin
- Stimulate bone marrow to make RBC's
Release renin
, - when released - increases BP
● What is the glomerular filtration rate? Answer: describes the flow rate
of filtered fluid through the kidney and is categorized by stages
● GFR stage 1 Answer: Normal kidney function but urine or other
abnormalities point to kidney disease (GFR is 90+)
● GFR stage 2 Answer: Mildly reduced kidney function, urine or other
abnormalities point to kidney disease (GFR is 60-89)
● GFR stage 3 Answer: Moderately reduced kidney function (GFR is
30-59)
● GFR stage 4 Answer: Severely reduced kidney function (GFR is 15-
29)
● GFR stage 5 Answer: Very severely reduced kidney function (CKD)
(GFR is < 15)
● What are the types of kidney failure? Answer: Acute renal failure
(ARF) also known as AKI and chronic renal failure (CRF)
● Acute renal failure Answer: Sudden onset - drug toxicity
