Health Sci 2700 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i361tw
1. What are the 4 characteristics of a good theory?: 1. Testable
2. Falsifiable
3. Specific
4. Accounts for new info
2. What are the 4 patterns of inheritance?: 1. Dominant-recessive pattern
2. Polygenic Inheritance(many genes influence a trait)
3. Multi-factorial inheritance(genes and the environment)
4. Mitochondrial Inheritance(inherent genes from the mother's egg)
3. What should be the main goal of a theory?: It should increase our understanding
4. What is epigenetic?: The study of changes and modifications in gene expression
5. What 2 factors effect epigenetic?: Our biology and our environment
6. Who is the father of epigenetics?: Dr.Thorburg
7. What is the 100 Year Effect?: The food eaten, the exercise done, and the behaviours of a mother affect
her daughter and her granddaughter
8. What does the U-Shaped curve describe?: Babies that have low-birth weight and high birth
weight are at the same risk of chronic disease
9. What does Sigmand Freud's Psychosexual Theory talk about?: Behaviour is deter-
mined by conscious and unconscious processes
10. According to the psychosexual theory, what are the 3 personality structures
that develop overtime?: 1. Id
2. Ego
3. Superego
11. When does Id develop and what is it about?: Id is present at birth and it is a primitive feature
that is driven by an unconscious need for pleasure(ex. being selfish)
12. When does Ego develop and what is it about?: It develops at the age of 2 and focuses on
the reality principle. It is the in-between of the id and superego(ex. planing something and waiting in order to have it)
13. When does the Superego develop and what is it about?: The Superego develops at five
years old and is about our internal morals
14. In the Psychosexual Theory, what are fixations?: Stages that you move through and have
consequences when you get stuck in one of the stages
15. What are the 5 fixations?: 1. Oral
2. Anal
, Health Sci 2700 Midterm
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3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital
16. How does an infant achieve gratification in the oral stage?: Infants achieves gratifi-
cation through oral activities like feeding and thumb sucking
17. What does a child learn in the anal stage?: A child learns how to control their bowel and
bladder(the demands of society)
18. What does a child learn in the phallic stage?: A child learns to realize the difference between
males and females and becomes aware of sexuality
19. What happens in the latency stage?: The child continues their development but sexual urgers are
relatively quiet
20. What do adolescents learn in the genital stage?: They learn to shake off their dependencies
and learn to deal maturely with the opposite sex
21. What adulthood problems can occur if a child gets stuck in the oral stage?: -
Smoking and overeating
22. What adulthood problems can occur if a child gets stuck in the anal stage?-
: orderliness and parsimonious(stingy)
23. What adulthood problems can occur if a child gets stuck in the phallic
stage?: Vanity and recklessness
24. What adulthood problems can occur if a child gets stuck in the latency
stage?: None- fixation doesn't happen at this stage
25. What adulthood problems can occur if a child gets stuck in the genital
stage?: nothing as well. Adults who have passed all the other stages will mature sexuality
26. What are problems with the Psychosexual theory?: It does not increase our understanding
and it's only used nowadays because it was the basis for other theories
27. What does Erikson's Psychosocial Theory talk about?: It talks about the interactions of
inner instincts and cultural demands and the development of it over the lifespan
28. How many stages are in Erikson's Psychosocial theory and how must you go
about them?: There are 8 stages and you must resolve a stage and move on to the next
29. In the Infancy stage(0-18 months) of Erikson's theory, what are the basic
conflicts and the important events?: Trust vs. Mistrust and the important event is feeding/comfort
, Health Sci 2700 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i361tw
30. What is the Basic conflict in early childhood(2-3) and the important event?: -
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt and the important event is toilet training/dressing
31. What is the Basic conflict in preschool(3-5) and the important event?: Initiative
vs. Guilt and the important event is Exploration/play
32. What is the Basic conflict in School age(6-11) and the important event?: Industry
vs. Inferiority and the important event is school/activities
33. What is the Basic conflict in Adolescence(12-18) and the important event?: -
Identity vs.Role Confusion and the important event is social relationships/identity
34. What is the Basic conflict in Young Adult(19-40) and the important event?: -
Intimacy vs. Isolation and the Important Event is intimate relationships
35. What is the Basic conflict in Middle Adulthood(40-65) and the important
event?: Generativity vs. Stagnation and the important event is work and parenthood
36. What is the Basic conflict in Maturity(65-death) and the important event?: Ego
vs. Despair and the important is Reflection on life
37. What is the critique of Eriskson's Psychosocial Theory?: The miles aren't unique to the
age, it can come at any time
38. What are the 5 stages of Mazlovs Humanistic Alternative Theory?: Physiological
Needs
Safety Needs
Belongingness and love need
Esteem needs
Self-actualization
39. His Mazlow's theory a good one?: Not 100%. His theory has less ability to be generalized
40. What are learning theories?: Theories that focus on how experiences in the environment shape a
child
41. What is Pavlov's classical conditioning?: Associating an involuntary behaviour with a conse-
quence
42. What is Skinners Operant Conditioning?: Using Positive/negative reinforcement and posi-
tive/negative punishment to shape behaviour
43. What are the gaps in learning theories?: Behaviours are always permanent; there are ethical
issues in testing them, and it does not account for free will(we know something is bad but we still do it)
44. What are cognitive theories?: Emphasizes the mental aspects of development
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i361tw
1. What are the 4 characteristics of a good theory?: 1. Testable
2. Falsifiable
3. Specific
4. Accounts for new info
2. What are the 4 patterns of inheritance?: 1. Dominant-recessive pattern
2. Polygenic Inheritance(many genes influence a trait)
3. Multi-factorial inheritance(genes and the environment)
4. Mitochondrial Inheritance(inherent genes from the mother's egg)
3. What should be the main goal of a theory?: It should increase our understanding
4. What is epigenetic?: The study of changes and modifications in gene expression
5. What 2 factors effect epigenetic?: Our biology and our environment
6. Who is the father of epigenetics?: Dr.Thorburg
7. What is the 100 Year Effect?: The food eaten, the exercise done, and the behaviours of a mother affect
her daughter and her granddaughter
8. What does the U-Shaped curve describe?: Babies that have low-birth weight and high birth
weight are at the same risk of chronic disease
9. What does Sigmand Freud's Psychosexual Theory talk about?: Behaviour is deter-
mined by conscious and unconscious processes
10. According to the psychosexual theory, what are the 3 personality structures
that develop overtime?: 1. Id
2. Ego
3. Superego
11. When does Id develop and what is it about?: Id is present at birth and it is a primitive feature
that is driven by an unconscious need for pleasure(ex. being selfish)
12. When does Ego develop and what is it about?: It develops at the age of 2 and focuses on
the reality principle. It is the in-between of the id and superego(ex. planing something and waiting in order to have it)
13. When does the Superego develop and what is it about?: The Superego develops at five
years old and is about our internal morals
14. In the Psychosexual Theory, what are fixations?: Stages that you move through and have
consequences when you get stuck in one of the stages
15. What are the 5 fixations?: 1. Oral
2. Anal
, Health Sci 2700 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i361tw
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital
16. How does an infant achieve gratification in the oral stage?: Infants achieves gratifi-
cation through oral activities like feeding and thumb sucking
17. What does a child learn in the anal stage?: A child learns how to control their bowel and
bladder(the demands of society)
18. What does a child learn in the phallic stage?: A child learns to realize the difference between
males and females and becomes aware of sexuality
19. What happens in the latency stage?: The child continues their development but sexual urgers are
relatively quiet
20. What do adolescents learn in the genital stage?: They learn to shake off their dependencies
and learn to deal maturely with the opposite sex
21. What adulthood problems can occur if a child gets stuck in the oral stage?: -
Smoking and overeating
22. What adulthood problems can occur if a child gets stuck in the anal stage?-
: orderliness and parsimonious(stingy)
23. What adulthood problems can occur if a child gets stuck in the phallic
stage?: Vanity and recklessness
24. What adulthood problems can occur if a child gets stuck in the latency
stage?: None- fixation doesn't happen at this stage
25. What adulthood problems can occur if a child gets stuck in the genital
stage?: nothing as well. Adults who have passed all the other stages will mature sexuality
26. What are problems with the Psychosexual theory?: It does not increase our understanding
and it's only used nowadays because it was the basis for other theories
27. What does Erikson's Psychosocial Theory talk about?: It talks about the interactions of
inner instincts and cultural demands and the development of it over the lifespan
28. How many stages are in Erikson's Psychosocial theory and how must you go
about them?: There are 8 stages and you must resolve a stage and move on to the next
29. In the Infancy stage(0-18 months) of Erikson's theory, what are the basic
conflicts and the important events?: Trust vs. Mistrust and the important event is feeding/comfort
, Health Sci 2700 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i361tw
30. What is the Basic conflict in early childhood(2-3) and the important event?: -
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt and the important event is toilet training/dressing
31. What is the Basic conflict in preschool(3-5) and the important event?: Initiative
vs. Guilt and the important event is Exploration/play
32. What is the Basic conflict in School age(6-11) and the important event?: Industry
vs. Inferiority and the important event is school/activities
33. What is the Basic conflict in Adolescence(12-18) and the important event?: -
Identity vs.Role Confusion and the important event is social relationships/identity
34. What is the Basic conflict in Young Adult(19-40) and the important event?: -
Intimacy vs. Isolation and the Important Event is intimate relationships
35. What is the Basic conflict in Middle Adulthood(40-65) and the important
event?: Generativity vs. Stagnation and the important event is work and parenthood
36. What is the Basic conflict in Maturity(65-death) and the important event?: Ego
vs. Despair and the important is Reflection on life
37. What is the critique of Eriskson's Psychosocial Theory?: The miles aren't unique to the
age, it can come at any time
38. What are the 5 stages of Mazlovs Humanistic Alternative Theory?: Physiological
Needs
Safety Needs
Belongingness and love need
Esteem needs
Self-actualization
39. His Mazlow's theory a good one?: Not 100%. His theory has less ability to be generalized
40. What are learning theories?: Theories that focus on how experiences in the environment shape a
child
41. What is Pavlov's classical conditioning?: Associating an involuntary behaviour with a conse-
quence
42. What is Skinners Operant Conditioning?: Using Positive/negative reinforcement and posi-
tive/negative punishment to shape behaviour
43. What are the gaps in learning theories?: Behaviours are always permanent; there are ethical
issues in testing them, and it does not account for free will(we know something is bad but we still do it)
44. What are cognitive theories?: Emphasizes the mental aspects of development
