Exam 4) NURS 615 Exam 4: Questions & Answers: Guaranteed A+ Score Solution:Latest Updated

What is the dosage schedule for alpha-glucosidase inhibitors? (Ans- Take within the first bite of each meal Describe the pharmacodynamics of meglitinides. (Ans- Citagliptan works to compatibly inhibit the enzyme dipeptidyl, dipeptide, or called DDP 4 as mentioned before, this enzyme breaks down the incretins GLP1 and GIP gastrointestinal hormone released in response to a meal. By preventing GLP1 and GIP inactivation, they are able to increase secretion of insulin and suppress the release of glucagon by the alpha cells of the pancreas, this process ultimately drives calcium into the cell, this drives blood glucose levels towards normal as the blood glucose level approaches normal, the amount of insulin release in glucagon suppression diminishes thus tending to prevent an overshoot of subsequent blood sugar hypoglycemia which is seen in some other oral hypoglycemia agents. Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of the beta cells. Eighty-five to 90 percent of Type 1 diabetics have: A. Autoantibodies to two tyrosine phosphatases B. Mutation of the hepatic transcription factor on chromosome 12 C. A defective glucokinase molecule due to a defective gene on chromosome 7p D. Mutation of the insulin promoter factor (Ans- A. Autoantibodies to two tyrosine phosphatases Type 2 diabetes is a complex disorder involving: A. Absence of insulin production by the beta cells B. A suboptimal response of insulin-sensitive tissues in the liver C. Increased levels of glucagon-like peptide in the post-prandial period D. Too much fat uptake in the intestine (Ans- B. A suboptimal response of insulin-sensitive tissues in the liver Diagnostic criteria for diabetes include: A. Fasting blood glucose greater than 140 mg/dl on two occasions B. Post-prandial blood glucose greater than 140 mg/dl C. Fasting blood glucose 100 to 125 mg/dl on two occasions D. Symptoms of diabetes plus a casual blood glucose greater than 200 mg/dl (Ans- D. Symptoms of diabetes plus a casual blood glucose greater than 200 mg/dl Routine screening of asymptomatic adults for diabetes is appropriate for A. Individuals who are older than 45 and have a BMI less than 25 kg/m2 B. Native Americans, African Americans, and Hispanics C. Persons with HDL cholesterol greater than 100 mg/dl D. Persons with pre-diabetes confirmed on at least two occasions (Ans- B. Native Americans, African Americans, and Hispanics Screening criteria for children who meet the following criteria should begin at age 10 and occur every 3 years thereafter: A. BMI above the 85th percentile for age and sex B. Family history of diabetes in first- or second-degree relative C. Hypertension based on criteria for children D. Any of the above (Ans- D. Any of the above Insulin is used to treat both types of diabetes. It acts by: A. Increasing beta cell response to low blood glucose levels B. Stimulating hepatic glucose production C. Increasing peripheral glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and fat D. Improving the circulation of free fatty acids (Ans- C. Increasing peripheral glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and fat Adam has Type 1 diabetes and plays tennis for his university. He exhibits a Knowledge deficit about his insulin and his diagnosis. He should be taught that: A. He should increase his CHO intake during times of exercise B. Each brand of insulin is equal in bioavailability, so buy the least expensive C. Alcohol produces hypoglycemia and can help control his diabetes when taken in small amounts D. If he does not want to learn to give himself injections, he may substitute an oral hypoglycemic to control his diabetes (Ans- A. He should increase his CHO intake during times of exercise