Page |1
NURS 6500 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3
(MODULE 5-7) |QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
(100% CORRECT) | NURS 6500 ACTUAL EXAM FINAL
2025/2026 |100% GUARANTEED PASS.
RATED
MULTIPLE CHOICES
Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?
a. To provide specific responses toward antigens
b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue
d. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue
How do surfactant proteins A through D provide innate resistance?
a. Initiate the complement cascade.
b. Promote phagocytosis.
c. Secrete mucus.
d. Synthesize lysosomes.
b. Promote phagocytosis.
Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that involves antibacterial and
antifungal fatty acids, as well as lactic acid?
a. Optic tears
b. Oral saliva
c. Sweat gland perspiration
d. Sebaceous gland sebum
d. Sebaceous gland sebum
Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy?
a. Lactobacillus
b. Candida albicans
c. Clostridium difficile
1
, Page |2
d. Helicobacter pylori
c. Clostridium difficiled.
What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
a. Vasodilation of blood vessels
b. Increased capillary permeability
c. Endothelial cell contraction
d. Emigration of neutrophils
b. Increased capillary permeability
What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory process?
a. Vasodilation of blood vessels
b. Platelet aggregation
c. Decreased capillary permeability
d. Endothelial cell contraction
a. Vasodilation of blood vessels
Activation of the classical pathway begins with:
a. Viruses
b. Antigen-antibody complexes
c. Mast cells
d. Macrophages
b. Antigen-antibody complexes
What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed site?
a. Complement
b. Coagulation
c. Kinin
d. Fibrinolysis
b. Coagulation
Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by
neutrophils and macrophages?
a. Complement cascade
b. Coagulation system
c. Kinin system
d. Immune system
2
, Page |3
a. Complement cascade
What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?
a. Platelet adhesion
b. Initiation of the clotting cascade
c. Vasodilation
d. Increased endothelial adhesiveness
c. Vasodilation
What is an outcome of the complement cascade?
a. Activation of the clotting cascade
b. Prevention of the spread of infection to adjacent tissues
c. Inactivation of chemical mediators such as histamine
d. Lysis of bacterial cell membranes
d. Lysis of bacterial cell membranes
The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to:
a. Tag of pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages.
b. Process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired
immunity.
c. Destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms.
d. Promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation.
a. Tag of pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages.
In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at which
factor?
a. XII
b. VII
c. X
d. V
c. X
Which chemical interacts among all plasma protein systems by degrading blood clots, activating
complement, and activating the Hageman factor?
a. Kallikrein
b. Histamine
c. Bradykinin
d. Plasmin
3
, Page |4
d. Plasmin
The chemotactic factor affects the inflammatory process by:
a. Causing vasodilation around the inflamed area
b. Stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area
c. Directing leukocytes to the inflamed area
d. Producing edema around the inflamed area
c. Directing leukocytes to the inflamed area
What affect does the process of histamine binding to the histamine-2 (H2) receptor have on
inflammation?
a. Inhibition
b. Activation
c. Acceleration
d. Termination
a. Inhibition
Frequently when H1 and H2 receptors are located on the same cells, they act in what fashion?
a. Synergistically
b. Additively
c. Antagonistically
d. Agonistically
c. Antagonistically
Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which problem?
a. Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
b. Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.
c. Underlying chronic illness(es) exists.
d. Number of mast cells is insufficient.
c. Underlying chronic illness(es) exists.
Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular
permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?
a. Leukotrienes c. Platelet-activating factor
b. Prostaglandin E
c. Platelet-activating factor
d. Bradykinin
4
NURS 6500 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3
(MODULE 5-7) |QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
(100% CORRECT) | NURS 6500 ACTUAL EXAM FINAL
2025/2026 |100% GUARANTEED PASS.
RATED
MULTIPLE CHOICES
Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?
a. To provide specific responses toward antigens
b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue
d. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue
How do surfactant proteins A through D provide innate resistance?
a. Initiate the complement cascade.
b. Promote phagocytosis.
c. Secrete mucus.
d. Synthesize lysosomes.
b. Promote phagocytosis.
Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that involves antibacterial and
antifungal fatty acids, as well as lactic acid?
a. Optic tears
b. Oral saliva
c. Sweat gland perspiration
d. Sebaceous gland sebum
d. Sebaceous gland sebum
Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy?
a. Lactobacillus
b. Candida albicans
c. Clostridium difficile
1
, Page |2
d. Helicobacter pylori
c. Clostridium difficiled.
What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
a. Vasodilation of blood vessels
b. Increased capillary permeability
c. Endothelial cell contraction
d. Emigration of neutrophils
b. Increased capillary permeability
What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory process?
a. Vasodilation of blood vessels
b. Platelet aggregation
c. Decreased capillary permeability
d. Endothelial cell contraction
a. Vasodilation of blood vessels
Activation of the classical pathway begins with:
a. Viruses
b. Antigen-antibody complexes
c. Mast cells
d. Macrophages
b. Antigen-antibody complexes
What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed site?
a. Complement
b. Coagulation
c. Kinin
d. Fibrinolysis
b. Coagulation
Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by
neutrophils and macrophages?
a. Complement cascade
b. Coagulation system
c. Kinin system
d. Immune system
2
, Page |3
a. Complement cascade
What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?
a. Platelet adhesion
b. Initiation of the clotting cascade
c. Vasodilation
d. Increased endothelial adhesiveness
c. Vasodilation
What is an outcome of the complement cascade?
a. Activation of the clotting cascade
b. Prevention of the spread of infection to adjacent tissues
c. Inactivation of chemical mediators such as histamine
d. Lysis of bacterial cell membranes
d. Lysis of bacterial cell membranes
The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to:
a. Tag of pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages.
b. Process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired
immunity.
c. Destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms.
d. Promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation.
a. Tag of pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages.
In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at which
factor?
a. XII
b. VII
c. X
d. V
c. X
Which chemical interacts among all plasma protein systems by degrading blood clots, activating
complement, and activating the Hageman factor?
a. Kallikrein
b. Histamine
c. Bradykinin
d. Plasmin
3
, Page |4
d. Plasmin
The chemotactic factor affects the inflammatory process by:
a. Causing vasodilation around the inflamed area
b. Stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area
c. Directing leukocytes to the inflamed area
d. Producing edema around the inflamed area
c. Directing leukocytes to the inflamed area
What affect does the process of histamine binding to the histamine-2 (H2) receptor have on
inflammation?
a. Inhibition
b. Activation
c. Acceleration
d. Termination
a. Inhibition
Frequently when H1 and H2 receptors are located on the same cells, they act in what fashion?
a. Synergistically
b. Additively
c. Antagonistically
d. Agonistically
c. Antagonistically
Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which problem?
a. Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
b. Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.
c. Underlying chronic illness(es) exists.
d. Number of mast cells is insufficient.
c. Underlying chronic illness(es) exists.
Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular
permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?
a. Leukotrienes c. Platelet-activating factor
b. Prostaglandin E
c. Platelet-activating factor
d. Bradykinin
4
