HCQM - Quality Improvement,
Management, & Assurance UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Basic common threads of Quality Management. - CORRECT ANSWER - Examine the
processes leading to the delivery of care, the outcomes expected from the care, and the degree to
which the expected outcomes are reached.
Abraham Flexner - CORRECT ANSWER - Quality should be measured.
E.A. Codman, MD - CORRECT ANSWER - Boston surgeon from the early 1900's was a
public health pioneer studying hospital outcomes to determine how they could be improved.
Founded by E.A. Codman - CORRECT ANSWER - American College of Surgeons and its
Hospital Standardization Program
The American College of Surgeons eventually became this organization - CORRECT
ANSWER - The Joint Commission
E.A. Codman Award - CORRECT ANSWER - Given out by the Joint Commission for the
use of outcomes measures to advance the quality and safety of patient care.
In 1918 the American College of Surgeons began to address the fact that patients did not feel
comfortable with this concept. - CORRECT ANSWER - The operation was a success but
the patient died.
John Williamson, MD - CORRECT ANSWER - Recipient of the EA Codman Award in
2000 and is a leader in the field of health care outcomes research and its implementation.
,Outcomes Measures - CORRECT ANSWER - Help identify (prioritize) areas for which
measuring and analyzing the process are likely to lead to improved outcomes.
When outcomes do not meet expectations it is appropriate to do this. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Measure the process producing the outcomes to improve possibly substandard
performance.
Avendis Donabedian, MD - CORRECT ANSWER - Brought modern quality assurance
techniques to modern medicine by emphasizing structure, process, and outcome.
Walter Shewhart - CORRECT ANSWER - American physicist, engineer, and statistician
working in quality control. Developed the Shewhart cycle.
Renamed the Shewhart Cycle the PDCA Cycle. - CORRECT ANSWER - W. Edwards
Deming, MD
Shewhart Cycle consists of the following four phases. - CORRECT ANSWER - Plan, Do,
Check, Act
PDCA approach is heavily emphasized in medicine because it embodies the principles of this
method. - CORRECT ANSWER - Scientific method.
W. Edwards Deming - CORRECT ANSWER - Introduced statistical processes to the
industrial quality process because he recognized the importance of having accurate and
meaningful information.
Deming's 14 Points for Management - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Create consistency of
purpose toward improvement of product and service, with the aim to become competitive, stay in
business and provide jobs. 2. Adopt the new philosophy. Management must take on leadership
for change. 3. Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality. Build quality into the product
in the first place. 4. Move toward a single supplier for any one item, creating a long-term
relationship of loyalty and trust. 5. Improve constantly and forever the system of production and
service. 6. Institute training on the job. 7. Institute leadership. Supervision should aim to help
, people do a better job. 8. Drive out fear so that everyone may work effectively. 9. Break down
barriers between departments. 10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the workforce.
11. Recognize that the cause of low quality and low productivity belongs to the system, and thus
lies beyond the power of the work force - eliminate quotas and substitute leadership/ eliminate
management by objective and substitute leadership. 12. Remove barriers to pride of
workmanship. 13. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement. 14. Put
everyone to work to accomplish the transformation.
Deming's Seven Deadly Diseases that interfere with achievement of continuous improvement. -
CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Lack of constancy of purpose. 2. Emphasis on short term
profits. 3. Evaluation of performance, merit rating or annual review. 4. Mobility of management
- job hopping. 5. Management by use of "visible figures" with no consideration of unknowns or
unknowables. 6. Excessive medical costs. 7. Excessive liability costs.
Deming believed this had more impact on quality than the individuals operating within this. -
CORRECT ANSWER - The system.
Major proponent of statistical quality control. - CORRECT ANSWER - W. Edwards
Deming
Deming's two reasons for undesirable performance. - CORRECT ANSWER - Special
Cause and Common Cause
Special Cause - CORRECT ANSWER - Results from an unpredicted action on a system.
"Blips" on a control chart characterize these special causes to a system.
Common Cause - CORRECT ANSWER - Account for the majority of variations in
outcomes from a system - day-to-day variations within a system.
Helps keep the quality process focused on actual opportunities rather than apparent opportunities
for improvement. - CORRECT ANSWER - Statistical analysis
Management, & Assurance UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Basic common threads of Quality Management. - CORRECT ANSWER - Examine the
processes leading to the delivery of care, the outcomes expected from the care, and the degree to
which the expected outcomes are reached.
Abraham Flexner - CORRECT ANSWER - Quality should be measured.
E.A. Codman, MD - CORRECT ANSWER - Boston surgeon from the early 1900's was a
public health pioneer studying hospital outcomes to determine how they could be improved.
Founded by E.A. Codman - CORRECT ANSWER - American College of Surgeons and its
Hospital Standardization Program
The American College of Surgeons eventually became this organization - CORRECT
ANSWER - The Joint Commission
E.A. Codman Award - CORRECT ANSWER - Given out by the Joint Commission for the
use of outcomes measures to advance the quality and safety of patient care.
In 1918 the American College of Surgeons began to address the fact that patients did not feel
comfortable with this concept. - CORRECT ANSWER - The operation was a success but
the patient died.
John Williamson, MD - CORRECT ANSWER - Recipient of the EA Codman Award in
2000 and is a leader in the field of health care outcomes research and its implementation.
,Outcomes Measures - CORRECT ANSWER - Help identify (prioritize) areas for which
measuring and analyzing the process are likely to lead to improved outcomes.
When outcomes do not meet expectations it is appropriate to do this. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Measure the process producing the outcomes to improve possibly substandard
performance.
Avendis Donabedian, MD - CORRECT ANSWER - Brought modern quality assurance
techniques to modern medicine by emphasizing structure, process, and outcome.
Walter Shewhart - CORRECT ANSWER - American physicist, engineer, and statistician
working in quality control. Developed the Shewhart cycle.
Renamed the Shewhart Cycle the PDCA Cycle. - CORRECT ANSWER - W. Edwards
Deming, MD
Shewhart Cycle consists of the following four phases. - CORRECT ANSWER - Plan, Do,
Check, Act
PDCA approach is heavily emphasized in medicine because it embodies the principles of this
method. - CORRECT ANSWER - Scientific method.
W. Edwards Deming - CORRECT ANSWER - Introduced statistical processes to the
industrial quality process because he recognized the importance of having accurate and
meaningful information.
Deming's 14 Points for Management - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Create consistency of
purpose toward improvement of product and service, with the aim to become competitive, stay in
business and provide jobs. 2. Adopt the new philosophy. Management must take on leadership
for change. 3. Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality. Build quality into the product
in the first place. 4. Move toward a single supplier for any one item, creating a long-term
relationship of loyalty and trust. 5. Improve constantly and forever the system of production and
service. 6. Institute training on the job. 7. Institute leadership. Supervision should aim to help
, people do a better job. 8. Drive out fear so that everyone may work effectively. 9. Break down
barriers between departments. 10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the workforce.
11. Recognize that the cause of low quality and low productivity belongs to the system, and thus
lies beyond the power of the work force - eliminate quotas and substitute leadership/ eliminate
management by objective and substitute leadership. 12. Remove barriers to pride of
workmanship. 13. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement. 14. Put
everyone to work to accomplish the transformation.
Deming's Seven Deadly Diseases that interfere with achievement of continuous improvement. -
CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Lack of constancy of purpose. 2. Emphasis on short term
profits. 3. Evaluation of performance, merit rating or annual review. 4. Mobility of management
- job hopping. 5. Management by use of "visible figures" with no consideration of unknowns or
unknowables. 6. Excessive medical costs. 7. Excessive liability costs.
Deming believed this had more impact on quality than the individuals operating within this. -
CORRECT ANSWER - The system.
Major proponent of statistical quality control. - CORRECT ANSWER - W. Edwards
Deming
Deming's two reasons for undesirable performance. - CORRECT ANSWER - Special
Cause and Common Cause
Special Cause - CORRECT ANSWER - Results from an unpredicted action on a system.
"Blips" on a control chart characterize these special causes to a system.
Common Cause - CORRECT ANSWER - Account for the majority of variations in
outcomes from a system - day-to-day variations within a system.
Helps keep the quality process focused on actual opportunities rather than apparent opportunities
for improvement. - CORRECT ANSWER - Statistical analysis
