P a g e |1
NSG 530 – Exam II (Latest 2025/2026)
Advanced Pathophysiology |Questions with
Solutions |100% Correct
| Already Graded A+
MULTIPLE CHOICES
Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an):
A) Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
B) Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
C) Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
D) Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens - CORRECT ✓✓ C) Altered immunologic
response to an antigen that results in disease
A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called:
A) Hemolytic shock
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Necrotizing vasculitis
D) Systemic erythematosus - CORRECT ✓✓ B) Anaphylaxis
The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of
immunoglobulins?
A) IgE
B) IgG
, P a g e |2
C) IgM
D) T cells - CORRECT ✓✓ A) IgE
Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction?
A) IgA
B) IgE
C) IgG
D) IgM - CORRECT ✓✓ B) IgE
Blood transfusion reactions are an example of:
A) Autoimmunity
B) Alloimmunity
C) Homoimmunity
D) Hypersensitivity - CORRECT ✓✓ B) Alloimmunity
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?
A) Neutrophils
B) Monocytes
C) Eosinophils
D) T lymphocytes - CORRECT ✓✓ C) Eosinophils
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes bronchospasm?
A) Bronchial edema caused by the chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
B) Bronchial edema caused by binding of the cytotropic antibody
C) Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors
D) Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H2 receptors - CORRECT ✓✓ C) Smooth muscle
contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors
, P a g e |3
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, the degranulation of mast cells is a result of which receptor
action?
A) Histamine bound to H2
B) Chemotactic factor binding to the receptor
C) Epinephrine bound to mast cells
D) Acetylcholine bound to mast cells - CORRECT ✓✓ A) Histamine bound to H2
What characteristic do atopic individuals have that make them genetically predisposed to develop allergies?
A) Greater quantities of histamine
B) More histamine receptors
C) Greater quantities of IgE
D) A deficiency in epinephrine - CORRECT ✓✓ C) Greater quantities of IgE
What is the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions?
A) Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by a discharge of
preformed mediators.
B) Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids, and the immune complexes are then
deposited in the tissues.
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper T 1 cells directly attack and destroy cellular
targets.
D) Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface. - CORRECT ✓✓ D) Antibodies bind to the antigens on
the cell surface.
When mismatched blood is administered causing an ABO incompatibility, the erythrocytes are destroyed by:
A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
C) Phagocytosis in the spleen
D) Natural killer cells - CORRECT ✓✓ A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
, P a g e |4
When antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh system, the blood cells are destroyed by:
A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
C) Phagocytosis in the spleen
D) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products - CORRECT ✓✓ C) Phagocytosis in the spleen
When soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of:
A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
C) Phagocytosis in the spleen
D) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products - CORRECT ✓✓ D) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen
products
How are target cells destroyed in a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
C) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
D) Natural killer cells - CORRECT ✓✓ D) Natural killer cells
Graves disease (hyperthyroidism) is an example of which type II hypersensitivity reaction?
A) Modulation
B) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
C) Neutrophil-mediated damage
D) Complement-mediated lysis - CORRECT ✓✓ A) Modulation
Type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of the following?
NSG 530 – Exam II (Latest 2025/2026)
Advanced Pathophysiology |Questions with
Solutions |100% Correct
| Already Graded A+
MULTIPLE CHOICES
Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an):
A) Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
B) Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
C) Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
D) Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens - CORRECT ✓✓ C) Altered immunologic
response to an antigen that results in disease
A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called:
A) Hemolytic shock
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Necrotizing vasculitis
D) Systemic erythematosus - CORRECT ✓✓ B) Anaphylaxis
The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of
immunoglobulins?
A) IgE
B) IgG
, P a g e |2
C) IgM
D) T cells - CORRECT ✓✓ A) IgE
Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction?
A) IgA
B) IgE
C) IgG
D) IgM - CORRECT ✓✓ B) IgE
Blood transfusion reactions are an example of:
A) Autoimmunity
B) Alloimmunity
C) Homoimmunity
D) Hypersensitivity - CORRECT ✓✓ B) Alloimmunity
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?
A) Neutrophils
B) Monocytes
C) Eosinophils
D) T lymphocytes - CORRECT ✓✓ C) Eosinophils
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes bronchospasm?
A) Bronchial edema caused by the chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
B) Bronchial edema caused by binding of the cytotropic antibody
C) Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors
D) Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H2 receptors - CORRECT ✓✓ C) Smooth muscle
contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors
, P a g e |3
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, the degranulation of mast cells is a result of which receptor
action?
A) Histamine bound to H2
B) Chemotactic factor binding to the receptor
C) Epinephrine bound to mast cells
D) Acetylcholine bound to mast cells - CORRECT ✓✓ A) Histamine bound to H2
What characteristic do atopic individuals have that make them genetically predisposed to develop allergies?
A) Greater quantities of histamine
B) More histamine receptors
C) Greater quantities of IgE
D) A deficiency in epinephrine - CORRECT ✓✓ C) Greater quantities of IgE
What is the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions?
A) Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by a discharge of
preformed mediators.
B) Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids, and the immune complexes are then
deposited in the tissues.
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper T 1 cells directly attack and destroy cellular
targets.
D) Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface. - CORRECT ✓✓ D) Antibodies bind to the antigens on
the cell surface.
When mismatched blood is administered causing an ABO incompatibility, the erythrocytes are destroyed by:
A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
C) Phagocytosis in the spleen
D) Natural killer cells - CORRECT ✓✓ A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
, P a g e |4
When antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh system, the blood cells are destroyed by:
A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
C) Phagocytosis in the spleen
D) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products - CORRECT ✓✓ C) Phagocytosis in the spleen
When soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of:
A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
C) Phagocytosis in the spleen
D) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products - CORRECT ✓✓ D) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen
products
How are target cells destroyed in a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
C) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
D) Natural killer cells - CORRECT ✓✓ D) Natural killer cells
Graves disease (hyperthyroidism) is an example of which type II hypersensitivity reaction?
A) Modulation
B) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
C) Neutrophil-mediated damage
D) Complement-mediated lysis - CORRECT ✓✓ A) Modulation
Type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of the following?
