NEMCC a&p2 FINAL study guide digestion / nutrition
summer 2025 hilliard Questions With Complete Solutions
______ acts to suppress appetite by inhibiting ______ which is
the most powerful known appetite stimulate Correct Answer
leptin ; neuropeptide Y
3 phases of digestion Correct Answer 1. cephalic phase
2. gastric phase
3. intestinal phase
a low - density lipoprotein contains a ? Correct Answer high
lipid content
Absorption Correct Answer all food; 80% electrolytes; most
water absorbed in the small intestine
most prior to ileum- reclaims bile salts
most absorbed by active transport -- blood
The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall
of the digestive system into the blood or lymph
Absorption of Carbohydrates Correct Answer Glucose and
galactose
Secondary active transport (cotransport) with Na+ epithelial
cells
Move out of epithelial cells by facilitated diffusion capillary
beds in villi
Fructose
,Facilitated diffusion to enter and exit cells
absorption of electrolytes Correct Answer -Most ions actively
along length of small intestine
-Iron and calcium are absorbed in duodenum
-Na+ coupled with active absorption of glucose and amino acids
-Cl- transported actively
-K+ diffuses in response to osmotic gradients; lost if poor water
absorption
-Usually amount in intestine is amount absorbed
-Iron and calcium absorption related to need
>Ionic iron stored in mucosal cells with ferritin
>When needed, transported in blood by transferrin
-Ca2+ absorption regulated by vitamin D and parathyroid
hormone (PTH)
absorption of lipids Correct Answer Absorption of
monoglycerides and fatty acids
Cluster with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles
Released by micelles to diffuse into epithelial cells
Combined with lecithin, phospholipids, cholesterol, & coated
with proteins to form chylomicrons
, Enter lacteals; transported to systemic circulation
Hydrolyzed to free fatty acids and glycerol by lipoprotein lipase
of capillary endothelium
Cells can use for energy or stored fat
Absorption of short chain fatty acids
Diffuse into portal blood for distribution
absorption of nucleic acids Correct Answer active transport
across epithelium-> bloodstream
absorption of proteins Correct Answer amino acids
transported by several types of carriers
+most coupled to active transports of Na+
+Dipeptides and tripeptides actively absorbed by H+ -
dependent cotransport;digested to amino acids within epithelial
cells
+enter capillary blood by diffusion
Absorption of Vitamin B12 Correct Answer binds with
intrinsic factor, and is absorbed by endocytosis
+small intestine
absorption of Vitamins fat soluble A,D,E AND K Correct
Answer in small intestine
+fat soluble and are carried by micelles; diffuse into absorptive
cells
summer 2025 hilliard Questions With Complete Solutions
______ acts to suppress appetite by inhibiting ______ which is
the most powerful known appetite stimulate Correct Answer
leptin ; neuropeptide Y
3 phases of digestion Correct Answer 1. cephalic phase
2. gastric phase
3. intestinal phase
a low - density lipoprotein contains a ? Correct Answer high
lipid content
Absorption Correct Answer all food; 80% electrolytes; most
water absorbed in the small intestine
most prior to ileum- reclaims bile salts
most absorbed by active transport -- blood
The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall
of the digestive system into the blood or lymph
Absorption of Carbohydrates Correct Answer Glucose and
galactose
Secondary active transport (cotransport) with Na+ epithelial
cells
Move out of epithelial cells by facilitated diffusion capillary
beds in villi
Fructose
,Facilitated diffusion to enter and exit cells
absorption of electrolytes Correct Answer -Most ions actively
along length of small intestine
-Iron and calcium are absorbed in duodenum
-Na+ coupled with active absorption of glucose and amino acids
-Cl- transported actively
-K+ diffuses in response to osmotic gradients; lost if poor water
absorption
-Usually amount in intestine is amount absorbed
-Iron and calcium absorption related to need
>Ionic iron stored in mucosal cells with ferritin
>When needed, transported in blood by transferrin
-Ca2+ absorption regulated by vitamin D and parathyroid
hormone (PTH)
absorption of lipids Correct Answer Absorption of
monoglycerides and fatty acids
Cluster with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles
Released by micelles to diffuse into epithelial cells
Combined with lecithin, phospholipids, cholesterol, & coated
with proteins to form chylomicrons
, Enter lacteals; transported to systemic circulation
Hydrolyzed to free fatty acids and glycerol by lipoprotein lipase
of capillary endothelium
Cells can use for energy or stored fat
Absorption of short chain fatty acids
Diffuse into portal blood for distribution
absorption of nucleic acids Correct Answer active transport
across epithelium-> bloodstream
absorption of proteins Correct Answer amino acids
transported by several types of carriers
+most coupled to active transports of Na+
+Dipeptides and tripeptides actively absorbed by H+ -
dependent cotransport;digested to amino acids within epithelial
cells
+enter capillary blood by diffusion
Absorption of Vitamin B12 Correct Answer binds with
intrinsic factor, and is absorbed by endocytosis
+small intestine
absorption of Vitamins fat soluble A,D,E AND K Correct
Answer in small intestine
+fat soluble and are carried by micelles; diffuse into absorptive
cells
