GPC-F Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i3ivx5
1. Geographic Information System (GIS): - orderly compilation of info about a specific geographic
area
- includes AOI, hardware, software, manipulate, analyze, manage data
- operations = agriculture, transportation, infrastructure, commercial, and government
2. GEOINT (Geospatial Intelligence): - Exploitation and ANALYSIS OF IMAGERY AND GEOSPATIAL
INFORMATION to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on
the Earth
- Legal definition only includes EXPLOITATION and ANALYSIS, but many key areas are integral part of GEOINT function
3. Imagery: - Likeness or presentation of any natural or man-made feature or related object or activity and the
positional data acquired at the same time the likeness or representation was acquired
- Includes spaceborne and airborne platforms, UAVs, handheld photography, or other similar means
- Does NOT include handheld photography taken by human intelligence collection organizations
4. Imagery Intelligence (IMINT): - Technical, geographic, and intelligence information derived through
the interpretation or analysis of imagery and collateral materials
5. Geospatial Information: - Identifies the geographic location and characteristics of natural or constructed
features and boundaries on the Earth
- Includes statistical data; info derived from remote sensing, mapping, surveying, etc.; mapping, charting, geodetic
data, and related products
6. Title 10 U.S. Code, Section 442: - Missions
- Codifies NGA's national mission and addresses systems and tasking of GEOINT
- "Shall develop system to facilitate analysis, dissemination, and incorporation of likenesses, videos, and presentations
produced by ground-based platforms into the NSG"
- "Does not include authority for NGA to manage tasking of handheld or clandestine photography taken by human
intelligence collection organizations"
7. Elements of GEOINT: 1. Imagery
2. Imagery Intelligence
3. Geospatial Information
- Foundational, what you need for GEOINT
- Any one or a combination of the 3 elements may be considered GEOINT
8. Imagery Data: - Collected by a system of sensors and platforms
- Sensors collect the data & platforms are the vehicles to which sensors are attached
, GPC-F Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i3ivx5
9. Types of Platforms: 1. Satellite
2. Aircraft
3. Ground-based
4. Sea-based
10. Government vs. Commercial Systems: - Government systems when they need discretion
- Commercial systems whenever possible
11. Government Satellites: - Adv.= global coverage/access, no cost for data, data is in government control
- Disadv. = limited collection, limited persistent coverage, competition for tasking
- Examples = LANDSAT, GOES-R
12. Commercial Satellites: - Adv. = global coverage/access, unclassified & easily releasable, avoids compe-
tition with higher priority IC requirements
- Disadv. = competition with other consumers, slower availability of products, tasking/acquisition not secure
- Examples = GeoEye-1, WV, Radarsat 2
13. Manned Airborne Platforms: - Adv. = moderate duration/persistence, rapidly re-tasked under The-
ater Commander control, can carry variety of sensors
- Disadv. = less persistence than UAV, limited collection in hostile/denied areas
- Examples = U-2/Dragonlady, P-3/AIP
14. Unmanned Airborne Platforms: - Adv. = very long duration. persistent surveillance, rapidly re-tasked
under Theater Commander control
- Disadv. = Limited collection in hostile/denied areas, narrow FOV
- Examples = RQ-4/Global Hawk, MQ-1/Predator, MQ-4/Triton, MQ-5/Hunter, MQ-7/Shadow, MQ-9/Reaper,
MQ-1C/Gray Eagle
15. Ground-based Platforms: - Adv. = high resolution possible, long duration availability, less expensive,
24/7 open source coverage
- Disadv. = difficult placement, very limited sensor range, authentication
- Examples = Buildings, poles, vehicles, people, Unattended Ground Sensors (UAGs)
16. Sea-based Platforms: - Adv. = underwater imagery, topography, high-res bathymetry
- Disadv. = limited to good sea conditions, narrow sensor swaths
- Examples = ships, buoys, submarines
17. E.O. 12333: - Designates D/NGA as the GFM
- Describes the obligations and authorities of the GFM
- Restricts U.S. Government from imaging U.S. Persons
, GPC-F Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i3ivx5
18. Types of Sensors: - EO (from UV through IR parts of EM spectrum; passive sensors with exception of LIDAR)
- Radar (non-literal, active sensors)
19. EO Phenomenologies: - PAN (VIS)
- IR (uses IR to detect heat and radiance/reflection)
- TIR (similar to IR but different wavelengths, detects heat, warmer objects appear lighter)
- MSI (tens of bands in VIS and IR)
- HSI (hundreds of bands in VIS and IR)
- LIDAR (only active EO sensor, uses laser pulses in VIS and IR, time for energy to return provides info including distances
and height, shorter round trips = higher elevations, can provide 3D models)
- OPIR (combines EO phenomenologies to create unique collection capability, detects energy radiation in VIS, NIR,
SWIR, and MWIR)
20. Radar Phenomenologies: - SAR (illuminates objects w/ pulses of microwave energy, applies signal
processing to pulses to produce imagery)
- Interferometric SAR/IFSAR (uses SAR sensor to observe location from 2 separate positions, generates elevation data
for Earth's surface)
21. Motion GEOINT: - Both EO and Radar used by collecting multiple frames over short time period
- Persistent coverage
Key enabler of ABI
- FMV, MTI, and WAMI
22. Imagery Intelligence Data: - Produced during analysis of imagery and geospatial data
- May be derived from analytic expertise, classified data, unclassified info, analysis techniques
23. Geospatial Information Data: Collected through many sources:
- platforms and sensors used for imagery data
- subsurface sensors (like sonar) attached to water-based platforms
- ground sensors attached to land-based platforms
- open source info
24. Categories of Geospatial Information: 1. Aeronautical
2. Maritime
3. Topographic
4. Elevation
5. Human Geography
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i3ivx5
1. Geographic Information System (GIS): - orderly compilation of info about a specific geographic
area
- includes AOI, hardware, software, manipulate, analyze, manage data
- operations = agriculture, transportation, infrastructure, commercial, and government
2. GEOINT (Geospatial Intelligence): - Exploitation and ANALYSIS OF IMAGERY AND GEOSPATIAL
INFORMATION to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on
the Earth
- Legal definition only includes EXPLOITATION and ANALYSIS, but many key areas are integral part of GEOINT function
3. Imagery: - Likeness or presentation of any natural or man-made feature or related object or activity and the
positional data acquired at the same time the likeness or representation was acquired
- Includes spaceborne and airborne platforms, UAVs, handheld photography, or other similar means
- Does NOT include handheld photography taken by human intelligence collection organizations
4. Imagery Intelligence (IMINT): - Technical, geographic, and intelligence information derived through
the interpretation or analysis of imagery and collateral materials
5. Geospatial Information: - Identifies the geographic location and characteristics of natural or constructed
features and boundaries on the Earth
- Includes statistical data; info derived from remote sensing, mapping, surveying, etc.; mapping, charting, geodetic
data, and related products
6. Title 10 U.S. Code, Section 442: - Missions
- Codifies NGA's national mission and addresses systems and tasking of GEOINT
- "Shall develop system to facilitate analysis, dissemination, and incorporation of likenesses, videos, and presentations
produced by ground-based platforms into the NSG"
- "Does not include authority for NGA to manage tasking of handheld or clandestine photography taken by human
intelligence collection organizations"
7. Elements of GEOINT: 1. Imagery
2. Imagery Intelligence
3. Geospatial Information
- Foundational, what you need for GEOINT
- Any one or a combination of the 3 elements may be considered GEOINT
8. Imagery Data: - Collected by a system of sensors and platforms
- Sensors collect the data & platforms are the vehicles to which sensors are attached
, GPC-F Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i3ivx5
9. Types of Platforms: 1. Satellite
2. Aircraft
3. Ground-based
4. Sea-based
10. Government vs. Commercial Systems: - Government systems when they need discretion
- Commercial systems whenever possible
11. Government Satellites: - Adv.= global coverage/access, no cost for data, data is in government control
- Disadv. = limited collection, limited persistent coverage, competition for tasking
- Examples = LANDSAT, GOES-R
12. Commercial Satellites: - Adv. = global coverage/access, unclassified & easily releasable, avoids compe-
tition with higher priority IC requirements
- Disadv. = competition with other consumers, slower availability of products, tasking/acquisition not secure
- Examples = GeoEye-1, WV, Radarsat 2
13. Manned Airborne Platforms: - Adv. = moderate duration/persistence, rapidly re-tasked under The-
ater Commander control, can carry variety of sensors
- Disadv. = less persistence than UAV, limited collection in hostile/denied areas
- Examples = U-2/Dragonlady, P-3/AIP
14. Unmanned Airborne Platforms: - Adv. = very long duration. persistent surveillance, rapidly re-tasked
under Theater Commander control
- Disadv. = Limited collection in hostile/denied areas, narrow FOV
- Examples = RQ-4/Global Hawk, MQ-1/Predator, MQ-4/Triton, MQ-5/Hunter, MQ-7/Shadow, MQ-9/Reaper,
MQ-1C/Gray Eagle
15. Ground-based Platforms: - Adv. = high resolution possible, long duration availability, less expensive,
24/7 open source coverage
- Disadv. = difficult placement, very limited sensor range, authentication
- Examples = Buildings, poles, vehicles, people, Unattended Ground Sensors (UAGs)
16. Sea-based Platforms: - Adv. = underwater imagery, topography, high-res bathymetry
- Disadv. = limited to good sea conditions, narrow sensor swaths
- Examples = ships, buoys, submarines
17. E.O. 12333: - Designates D/NGA as the GFM
- Describes the obligations and authorities of the GFM
- Restricts U.S. Government from imaging U.S. Persons
, GPC-F Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i3ivx5
18. Types of Sensors: - EO (from UV through IR parts of EM spectrum; passive sensors with exception of LIDAR)
- Radar (non-literal, active sensors)
19. EO Phenomenologies: - PAN (VIS)
- IR (uses IR to detect heat and radiance/reflection)
- TIR (similar to IR but different wavelengths, detects heat, warmer objects appear lighter)
- MSI (tens of bands in VIS and IR)
- HSI (hundreds of bands in VIS and IR)
- LIDAR (only active EO sensor, uses laser pulses in VIS and IR, time for energy to return provides info including distances
and height, shorter round trips = higher elevations, can provide 3D models)
- OPIR (combines EO phenomenologies to create unique collection capability, detects energy radiation in VIS, NIR,
SWIR, and MWIR)
20. Radar Phenomenologies: - SAR (illuminates objects w/ pulses of microwave energy, applies signal
processing to pulses to produce imagery)
- Interferometric SAR/IFSAR (uses SAR sensor to observe location from 2 separate positions, generates elevation data
for Earth's surface)
21. Motion GEOINT: - Both EO and Radar used by collecting multiple frames over short time period
- Persistent coverage
Key enabler of ABI
- FMV, MTI, and WAMI
22. Imagery Intelligence Data: - Produced during analysis of imagery and geospatial data
- May be derived from analytic expertise, classified data, unclassified info, analysis techniques
23. Geospatial Information Data: Collected through many sources:
- platforms and sensors used for imagery data
- subsurface sensors (like sonar) attached to water-based platforms
- ground sensors attached to land-based platforms
- open source info
24. Categories of Geospatial Information: 1. Aeronautical
2. Maritime
3. Topographic
4. Elevation
5. Human Geography
