CA BRANCH STRUCTURAL PEST CONTROL
FINAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED 100% CORRECT
◍ Hexapoda - The Class that all insects belong to, formally "insecta"
◍ Chordata - The most familiar Phylum that includes the mammals,
birds, reptiles and fish "vertebrate pests"
◍ Mollusca - Phylum that includes snails, clams, etc. These are also tiny
organisms, almost too small to be seen with the naked eye, called
protozoa.
◍ Arthropoda - largest phylum by far that contains the largest
class,"Hexapoda". no one feature alone will separate the Arthropoda
from all other animals. Segmented bodies, jointed appendages, shell like
body "exoskeleton". They also have bilateral symmetry. (Each side of
the body is the same as the other)
◍ Crustacea - water inhabiting animals which breath either by gills or
through the surface of their bodies. Numerous pairs of legs; two pairs of
antennae, fused head to the body. Lobster, crawfish, crab, sowbug &
pillbug
,◍ Diplopoda - Land animals which breath through air tubes on the side
of their bodies. one pair of antennae, cylindrical bodies with a series of
segments which look very much alike. each segment has two pairs of
legs. "Millipedes"
◍ Chilopoda - Have antennae and breath by air tubes. body is more
flattened and each segment bears only one pair of legs. "centipedes"
◍ Hexapoda - INSECTS: have three distinct body regions. The head, the
thorax and the abdomen. they have only one pair of antennae, six legs
that are all attached to the thorax. usually four wings if they have them
that are also attached to the thorax. "Air tubes"
◍ Arachnida - Have only two body regions, The cephalothorax and the
abdomen. they do not have antennae and the cephalothorax bears eight
legs. they breath with book lungs. Some smaller arachnids breath
through surfaces on the body.
◍ 8 Characteristics of Insects - 1. bilaterally symmetrical
2. segmented body
3. three body regions
4. exoskeleton
5. three pairs of jointed legs
6. one pair of antennae
,7. two pairs of wings, usually
8. airs tubes for breathing
◍ Ametabola (No Metamorphosis) - group said to have no
metamorphosis. "Silverfish and springtails"
◍ Heterometabola (Gradual Metamorphosis) - there is some change in
the insect as it grows up other than merely a change in size. development
of wings as the insect gets larger.
Life Stages: Egg, Nymph, Adult
(Roaches, grasshoppers, bedbugs, termites, stink bugs)
◍ Holometabola (Complete Metamorphosis) - insects that have four
distinct life stages. Usually the larvae live on entirely different food and
do not resemble the adults.
Egg, larva, pupa, adult.
Beetles, fleas, flies, ants, bees, weevils.
◍ Molting - the cells of the exoskeleton called the hypodermis secretes a
molting fluid which separates the insect allowing the insect to slide out
of the shell and grow by filling itself with air or water.
, ◍ Instar - 1st, 2nd, 3rd Instar describes the stage at which the size of the
insect will represent which molt age they are currently at.
◍ Chitin - Chitin is the substance produced by the hypodermis that
eventually hardens and becomes the new exoskeleton
◍ Compound Eyes & Ocelli - Compound eyes are the larger and most
visible eyes (Fly) while Ocelli are much smaller and vary in number but
usually contain only three
◍ Labrum - flap like upper lip which is hinged and moves back and
forth. It covers the upper part of the mouth
◍ Mandibles - are powerful jaws that move in and out from each side
masticating the food.
◍ Maxillae - secondary smaller jaws that hold the food while the
mandibles break it up
◍ Maxillary Palp - Sense organs that taste and smell the food
◍ Labium - Lower lip
FINAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED 100% CORRECT
◍ Hexapoda - The Class that all insects belong to, formally "insecta"
◍ Chordata - The most familiar Phylum that includes the mammals,
birds, reptiles and fish "vertebrate pests"
◍ Mollusca - Phylum that includes snails, clams, etc. These are also tiny
organisms, almost too small to be seen with the naked eye, called
protozoa.
◍ Arthropoda - largest phylum by far that contains the largest
class,"Hexapoda". no one feature alone will separate the Arthropoda
from all other animals. Segmented bodies, jointed appendages, shell like
body "exoskeleton". They also have bilateral symmetry. (Each side of
the body is the same as the other)
◍ Crustacea - water inhabiting animals which breath either by gills or
through the surface of their bodies. Numerous pairs of legs; two pairs of
antennae, fused head to the body. Lobster, crawfish, crab, sowbug &
pillbug
,◍ Diplopoda - Land animals which breath through air tubes on the side
of their bodies. one pair of antennae, cylindrical bodies with a series of
segments which look very much alike. each segment has two pairs of
legs. "Millipedes"
◍ Chilopoda - Have antennae and breath by air tubes. body is more
flattened and each segment bears only one pair of legs. "centipedes"
◍ Hexapoda - INSECTS: have three distinct body regions. The head, the
thorax and the abdomen. they have only one pair of antennae, six legs
that are all attached to the thorax. usually four wings if they have them
that are also attached to the thorax. "Air tubes"
◍ Arachnida - Have only two body regions, The cephalothorax and the
abdomen. they do not have antennae and the cephalothorax bears eight
legs. they breath with book lungs. Some smaller arachnids breath
through surfaces on the body.
◍ 8 Characteristics of Insects - 1. bilaterally symmetrical
2. segmented body
3. three body regions
4. exoskeleton
5. three pairs of jointed legs
6. one pair of antennae
,7. two pairs of wings, usually
8. airs tubes for breathing
◍ Ametabola (No Metamorphosis) - group said to have no
metamorphosis. "Silverfish and springtails"
◍ Heterometabola (Gradual Metamorphosis) - there is some change in
the insect as it grows up other than merely a change in size. development
of wings as the insect gets larger.
Life Stages: Egg, Nymph, Adult
(Roaches, grasshoppers, bedbugs, termites, stink bugs)
◍ Holometabola (Complete Metamorphosis) - insects that have four
distinct life stages. Usually the larvae live on entirely different food and
do not resemble the adults.
Egg, larva, pupa, adult.
Beetles, fleas, flies, ants, bees, weevils.
◍ Molting - the cells of the exoskeleton called the hypodermis secretes a
molting fluid which separates the insect allowing the insect to slide out
of the shell and grow by filling itself with air or water.
, ◍ Instar - 1st, 2nd, 3rd Instar describes the stage at which the size of the
insect will represent which molt age they are currently at.
◍ Chitin - Chitin is the substance produced by the hypodermis that
eventually hardens and becomes the new exoskeleton
◍ Compound Eyes & Ocelli - Compound eyes are the larger and most
visible eyes (Fly) while Ocelli are much smaller and vary in number but
usually contain only three
◍ Labrum - flap like upper lip which is hinged and moves back and
forth. It covers the upper part of the mouth
◍ Mandibles - are powerful jaws that move in and out from each side
masticating the food.
◍ Maxillae - secondary smaller jaws that hold the food while the
mandibles break it up
◍ Maxillary Palp - Sense organs that taste and smell the food
◍ Labium - Lower lip
