BPK 105: Midterm Complete questions and accurate
detailed answers \latest update
Carbohydrates:
Structure: Made of simple sugars (like glucose) that
can form larger molecules such as starch or glycogen.
Function: Their structure allows them to be easily
broken down to release energy (ATP).
Physiological role:
Glucose fuels cellular respiration in all tissues.
Glycogen stored in the liver and muscles provides quick
energy for movement and activity.
Lipids:
Structure: Long nonpolar hydrocarbon chains that make
them hydrophobic (water- repelling).
Function: Excellent for long-term energy storage and forming
cell membranes
(phospholipids).
Physiological role:
Cell membranes (in all organs and tissues) rely on lipid
the relationship between
bilayers for flexibility and barrier control.
unique structure of Fat tissue (adipose) stores energy and insulates the body.
different organic
molecules and Proteins:
physiological function of Structure: Made of amino acids folded into precise 3D
tissues, organs, and organ shapes; shape determines function.
Function: Serve as enzymes, hormones, transporters, or structural
systems components.
Physiological role:
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in digestion, metabolism,
and cell repair.
Contractile proteins (actin, myosin) in muscles enable movement.
Hemoglobin in red blood cells transports oxygen.
, Nucleic Acids:
Structure: Long chains of nucleotides (DNA and RNA)
that store and transmit genetic information.
Function: Provide instructions for building proteins and
controlling cell activity.
Physiological role:
DNA in the nucleus stores genetic information for all tissues and
organs.
RNA translates this code to produce proteins needed for specific
cellular functions.
- polar covalent bonds provide water with the properties that are
essential for life
- stabilizes body temperature: water can absorb large
What is structurally amounts of heat and remain at a stable temperature
important about water that - protects the body: lubricant, fluid cushion around organs and
brain
makes it essential for life?
- required for many chemical reactions: reacting
molecules must dissolve in water, electrolytes
(dissociate in water), water directly involved in
digestion and other
chemical reactions
Your muscle cells can produce force because they’re packed with
How come my muscle cells
contractile
can produce
proteins and mitochondria, while your adipose cells can
force for movement, while my
store large amounts of fat because they’re specialized to
adipose cells can store huge
, amounts of fat? hold a single, massive lipid droplet. Each cell type’s
structure is perfectly suited to its function.
Your neurons and muscle cells can create electrical signals
How can some of my cells
because their
create electrical signals for
membranes contain special ion channels and pumps that control
communication (neurons) the flow of
and charged particles.These ion movements generate
contraction (muscle)? electrical impulses — allowing neurons to
communicate and muscles to contract.
How do the cells of the Your body’s cells use nutrients from food and, through
body use our food to cellular respiration, convert their stored chemical
derive the energy they energy into ATP — the energy source that powers
need to function? every
biological function, from movement to thinking to growth.
detailed answers \latest update
Carbohydrates:
Structure: Made of simple sugars (like glucose) that
can form larger molecules such as starch or glycogen.
Function: Their structure allows them to be easily
broken down to release energy (ATP).
Physiological role:
Glucose fuels cellular respiration in all tissues.
Glycogen stored in the liver and muscles provides quick
energy for movement and activity.
Lipids:
Structure: Long nonpolar hydrocarbon chains that make
them hydrophobic (water- repelling).
Function: Excellent for long-term energy storage and forming
cell membranes
(phospholipids).
Physiological role:
Cell membranes (in all organs and tissues) rely on lipid
the relationship between
bilayers for flexibility and barrier control.
unique structure of Fat tissue (adipose) stores energy and insulates the body.
different organic
molecules and Proteins:
physiological function of Structure: Made of amino acids folded into precise 3D
tissues, organs, and organ shapes; shape determines function.
Function: Serve as enzymes, hormones, transporters, or structural
systems components.
Physiological role:
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in digestion, metabolism,
and cell repair.
Contractile proteins (actin, myosin) in muscles enable movement.
Hemoglobin in red blood cells transports oxygen.
, Nucleic Acids:
Structure: Long chains of nucleotides (DNA and RNA)
that store and transmit genetic information.
Function: Provide instructions for building proteins and
controlling cell activity.
Physiological role:
DNA in the nucleus stores genetic information for all tissues and
organs.
RNA translates this code to produce proteins needed for specific
cellular functions.
- polar covalent bonds provide water with the properties that are
essential for life
- stabilizes body temperature: water can absorb large
What is structurally amounts of heat and remain at a stable temperature
important about water that - protects the body: lubricant, fluid cushion around organs and
brain
makes it essential for life?
- required for many chemical reactions: reacting
molecules must dissolve in water, electrolytes
(dissociate in water), water directly involved in
digestion and other
chemical reactions
Your muscle cells can produce force because they’re packed with
How come my muscle cells
contractile
can produce
proteins and mitochondria, while your adipose cells can
force for movement, while my
store large amounts of fat because they’re specialized to
adipose cells can store huge
, amounts of fat? hold a single, massive lipid droplet. Each cell type’s
structure is perfectly suited to its function.
Your neurons and muscle cells can create electrical signals
How can some of my cells
because their
create electrical signals for
membranes contain special ion channels and pumps that control
communication (neurons) the flow of
and charged particles.These ion movements generate
contraction (muscle)? electrical impulses — allowing neurons to
communicate and muscles to contract.
How do the cells of the Your body’s cells use nutrients from food and, through
body use our food to cellular respiration, convert their stored chemical
derive the energy they energy into ATP — the energy source that powers
need to function? every
biological function, from movement to thinking to growth.
