ATI CARDIOVASCULAR COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS VERIFIED A+
● thiazide diuretics: hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide,
methyclothiazide, thiazide-type diuretics, indapamide, chlorthalidone,
metolazone- moderate diuretic . Answer: assess for dehydration, report
less that 30ml/hr, decrease in K, increase in glucose, avoid in pregnancy
and lactation, no risk of hearing loss- alternate day can increase
electrolyte imbalance
● K-sparing diuretics: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride, may take
12-48hr to work- less strong . Answer: hyperkalemia, endocrine effects
(impotence and irregular menstrual), no w/ kidney failure
● osmotic diuretics: mannitol . Answer: acute phase kidney injury,
cerebral edema, prevent kidney failure in shock, monitor for heart
failure, kidney failure, lithium excretion is increased
● ACE inhibitors: captopril (1hr before meal), enalapril, enalaprilat
(only one for IV), fosinopril, lisinopril, ramipril, moexipril (1hr before
meal): vasodilate, excrete water and sodium . Answer: used in: heart
failure, HTN, MI, nephropathy. stop diuretic 2-3days before ACE, dry
, cough, hyperkalmeia, rash and alter taste-report, angiodema,
neutropenia, can increase lithium levels, avoid use of NSAIDs
● ARBs: losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, olmesartan: dilate
and excrete . Answer: uses: HTN, prevent mortality following MI,
stroke, angiodema, fetal injury, given PO
● aldosterone antagonists: eplerenone, spironolactone: used w/ HTN,
Heart failure . Answer: hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, flulike
manifestations-report, dizziness, can cause lithium toxicity
● Direct renin inhibitors: aliskiren, HTN . Answer: angiodema,
hyperkalemia, diarrhea- dose related, decreases levels of furosemide,
atorvastatin can increase levels, monitor for hypotension, avoid high fat
meals
● calcium channel blockers: nifedipine,verapamil, diltiazem,
amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine . Answer: works on arteries, veins
not affected
● meds used for angina . Answer: nefedipine, amlodipine, nicardipine,
verapamil, diltiazem
● meds used for HTN . Answer: nifedipine,verapamil, diltiazem,
amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS VERIFIED A+
● thiazide diuretics: hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide,
methyclothiazide, thiazide-type diuretics, indapamide, chlorthalidone,
metolazone- moderate diuretic . Answer: assess for dehydration, report
less that 30ml/hr, decrease in K, increase in glucose, avoid in pregnancy
and lactation, no risk of hearing loss- alternate day can increase
electrolyte imbalance
● K-sparing diuretics: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride, may take
12-48hr to work- less strong . Answer: hyperkalemia, endocrine effects
(impotence and irregular menstrual), no w/ kidney failure
● osmotic diuretics: mannitol . Answer: acute phase kidney injury,
cerebral edema, prevent kidney failure in shock, monitor for heart
failure, kidney failure, lithium excretion is increased
● ACE inhibitors: captopril (1hr before meal), enalapril, enalaprilat
(only one for IV), fosinopril, lisinopril, ramipril, moexipril (1hr before
meal): vasodilate, excrete water and sodium . Answer: used in: heart
failure, HTN, MI, nephropathy. stop diuretic 2-3days before ACE, dry
, cough, hyperkalmeia, rash and alter taste-report, angiodema,
neutropenia, can increase lithium levels, avoid use of NSAIDs
● ARBs: losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, olmesartan: dilate
and excrete . Answer: uses: HTN, prevent mortality following MI,
stroke, angiodema, fetal injury, given PO
● aldosterone antagonists: eplerenone, spironolactone: used w/ HTN,
Heart failure . Answer: hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, flulike
manifestations-report, dizziness, can cause lithium toxicity
● Direct renin inhibitors: aliskiren, HTN . Answer: angiodema,
hyperkalemia, diarrhea- dose related, decreases levels of furosemide,
atorvastatin can increase levels, monitor for hypotension, avoid high fat
meals
● calcium channel blockers: nifedipine,verapamil, diltiazem,
amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine . Answer: works on arteries, veins
not affected
● meds used for angina . Answer: nefedipine, amlodipine, nicardipine,
verapamil, diltiazem
● meds used for HTN . Answer: nifedipine,verapamil, diltiazem,
amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine
