PHSC 211 Chapter 6 Quiz (Fall 2020) – Liberty University (A grade) | Elements of Earth Science

PHSC 211 Chapter 6 Quiz (Fall 2020) – Liberty University (A grade) 1. A geologist observes two sandstones on opposite sides of a mountain belt. He notes that both are made of quartz with a small amount of mica, and both show cross-bedding. His conclusion that these are the same rocks is an example of Physical correlation. 2. When working among a group of bore holes drilled while searching for oil, a paleontologist discoverers a species of forum (single-celled, shelled ocean creatures) in rocks from each bore hole. Though the first is found in a shale, and the second in a siltstone, she concludes that the fossils connect these two rock groups. This is an example of Temporal correlation. 3. To what era does the Tertiary Period belong? a. Paleozoic b. Quaternary c. Mesozoic d. Cenozoic 4. To what era does the Devonian Period belong? a. Mesozoic b. Paleozoic c. Carboniferous d. Quaternary 5. Which is the youngest of the following eras in the geological column? a. Paleozoic b. Cenozoic c. Precambrian d. Mesozoic 6. Which is the oldest of the following eras in the geological column? a. Paleozoic b. Cenozoic c. Precambrian d. Mesozoic 7. The __________________ is the amount of time it takes for a radioactive material to decay into a stable material a. Parent isotope b. Correlation c. Half-life d. Daughter isotope 8. A radioactive material is also called a Parent isotope. 9. A stable (non-radioactive) product of radioactive decay is also called a Daughter isotope. 10. After 3 half-lives, how much of a radioactive material should still be present? a. 87% b. 75% c. 25% d. 13% 11. How many half-lives have passed if a sample has 87.5% of its original radioactive material? a. 0.25 b. 0.5 c. 1 d. 2 12. How many half-lives have passed if a sample has 50% of its original radioactive material? a. 0.25 b. 0.5 c. 1 d. 2 13. How many half-lives have passed if a sample has 25% of its original radioactive material? a. 0.5 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 14. After 2 half-lives, how much of a radioactive sample should still remain? a. 50% b. 75% c. 25% d. 87.5% 15. What is the percent error if you have 45 radioactive parents when you were expecting 50? a. 10% b. 5% c. –5% d. –10% 16. What is the percent error if you have 102 radioactive parents when you were expecting 100? a. –2% b. –4% c. 4% d. 2% 17. What is the percent error if you have 42 radioactive parents when you were expecting 40? a. 5% b. –5% c. –2% d. 2% 18. According to many young-Earth creationists, the bulk of the Precambrian rocks were formed when? a. During Creation Week b. During the Deluge c. After the Deluge d. Before Creation Week 19. According to many young-Earth creationists, the bulk of the Paleozoic rocks were formed when? a. During Creation Week b. During the Deluge c. After the Deluge d. Before Creation Week 20. According to many young-Earth creationists, the bulk of the Mesozoic rocks were formed when? a. During Creation Week b. During the Deluge c. After the Deluge d. Before Creation Week 21. According to many young-Earth creationists, the bulk of the Cenozoic rocks were formed when? a. During Creation Week b. During the Deluge c. After the Deluge d. Before Creation Week 22. Radon-222 (222Rn) is radioactive, with a half-life of just 4 days. If a mineral sample has 25% of its 222Rn remaining, how old is it? a. 2 days b. 4 days c. 8 days d. 16 days 23. Bismuth-210 (210Bi) is radioactive, with a half-life of 20 days. If a mineral sample has 75% of its 210Bi remaining, how old is it? a. 2 days b. 10 days c. 20 days d. 30 days 24. After 1 half-life, half of the original radioactive sample still remains. a. True b. False 25. During a radioactive material’s second half-life, all of the radioactive material has decayed. a. True b. False 26. If there is 50% of 235U still in a sample, what is that sample’s radioactive age? a. 4.6 billion years b. 1.4 billion years c. 2.6 billion years d. 713 million years 27. If there is 25% of 40K still in a sample, what is that sample’s radioactive age? a. 2.6 billion years b. 4.6 billion years c. 1.3 billion years d. 713 million years 28. 14C is formed in ______________. a. The core of stars b. Organisms c. The atmosphere d. Water 29. Which radioisotope has the shortest half-life? a. 238U b. 14C c. 235U d. 87Sr 30. The RATE team studied the occurrence of 14C in which material? a. Coal b. Dinosaur bone c. Shell fossils d. Zircons 31. How many helium atoms are produced as 238U decays to 206Pb? a. 8 b. 10 c. 2 d. 4 32. What material did the RATE team evaluate to determine that certain mineral crystals were only about 6,000 years? a. Carbon-14 b. Helium c. Uranium d. Potassium-40 33. Discuss the most interesting “thing” you learned in this lesson. Be sure to address why it was interesting to you. Your answer should be at least one paragraph in length. The most interesting thing that I have learned in this lesson was radioactive dating. I had heard about this process before but not a lot about this method, much less understood how it worked. Learning about the decay of a radioactive parent isotope of an element to a more stable non-radioactive daughter is something amazing. Putting what I have read about into practice through the experiment with the candy aided greatly with my understanding of this process. Some may say that this method of dating contradicts a young earth view, however, after reviewing the third assumption scientists can see that some of the elements dated show decay where it should have been gone. This was able to strengthen my young earth view.