1
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
Aquifer - Radiology Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
Window vs. Reconstruction on CT?—Ans: Reconstructions -
processing of the raw CT data allows for better resolution of the
structures [higher resolution and higher contrast]
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Reconstruction can be done in 3D (ortho) or in a linear way too
(vascular)
What is the total range of hounsfield units availabe?—Ans: -1000
Guru01 - Stuvia
(air) to +1000 (metal) [so range is 2000]
What does a typical computer display show for greyscale range?
What can the human eye actually distinguish?—Ans: 256shades
(that means each shade of grey covers ~8HU)
The can only distinguish 17 shades of grey
What is a good way to check diaphragm flattening?—Ans: Look
at the lateral film
Diaphragm will be flat like you can set a ruler down on the edge
What can a poor inspiration/hypoinflation appear like?—Ans:
consolidation or PNA
How to look at the lung fields?—Ans: Sweep or a zig zag down
the lung field (both in PA and lateral views)
look for focal, diffuse, BL asymmetrical, interstital/vasc markings,
lucencies (cavity/bullae/PTX),
, 2
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
compare upper and lower and L/R zones
Middle
lower zones
Which hilum should always appear higher on the radiograph?—
Ans: The LEFT sided hilum should be higher - if its not its
pathological
What to look for with the heart?—Ans: Size of the heart - the
cadiac:thoracic cavity ratio
LA
LV
© 2025 Assignment Expert
What mediastinal lines should be observed on PA film?—Ans: R
paratracheal line
Azygous area
Guru01 - Stuvia
Azygoesophageal line
Paraaortic line (all the way down)
If you can see these you need to figure out the reason why
How to look at the bones on Xray?—Ans: Quadrant method
[above and below the ribs] (the middle lung section you just
also go down the spine looking for abnormalities, mets, or collapse
When should you START looking at OLD films?—Ans: AFTER you
have COMPLETELY evaluated the new scan
What are the ACR appropriateness criteria?—Ans: The aim is to
provide continuously updated evidence-based algorithms that
ensure the safest, most cost-effective, and most efficient path to
radiological diagnosis or intervention matched to specific variants
of clinical presentations.
, 3
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
Federal LAW requires referring physicians to consult Appropriate
Use Criteria (AUC), such as ACR Appropriateness Criteria, prior to
ordering advanced imaging services (ADIS), including CT, MR,
nuclear medicine, and PET, for Medicare patients.
How are appropriateness criteria divided/staged?—Ans: Older
appropriateness rating tables used a numerical rating scale: •
Usually Appropriate = 9, 8, or 7 • May be Appropriate = 6, 5, or 4 •
Usually Not Appropriate = 3, 2, or 1
Newer appropriateness rating tables simply use the three
categories: • Usually Appropriate (Green cells in the table) • May
© 2025 Assignment Expert
be Appropriate (Yellow cells in the table) • Usually Not
Appropriate (Red cells in the table)
What lobe of lung is seen at the apicies?—Ans: The R and L upper
lobes
Guru01 - Stuvia
What is the silhouette sign?—Ans: The visual interface between
structures of different density.
Its actually when a silhouette is LOST that we say its a "silhouette
sign"
What is spine sign?—Ans: When the combined density of the
vertebrae and some source of fluid/consolidation make the
vertebrae look MORE dense [just like ice over water accentuates
the ice appearing like they have increased density even though
they still the same ice]
What are cases in which spine sign occur?—Ans: Spine sign -
vertebral bodies should be relative lucent (black) above the
diaphragm on lateral projection.
-Lateral x-ray goes through spine + pneumonia and vertebra will
appear whiter (fewer x-rays reach detector since some are
absorbed in the pneumonia)
, 4
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
- Helpful sign for detection of lower lobe pneumonia. - - Very useful
for detecting LLL pneumonia behind the heart.
- If vertebral bodies appear more dense (whiter) above the level
of diaphragm, and part of one of the diaphragms is obscured →
spine sign → sign of lower lobe pneumonia
- There are other causes for the spine to appear whiter (such as a
blastic bone metastasis).
What is the lingula aligned with?—Ans: The left heart border (this is
more visible in the lateral view xray)
What are air bronchograms?—Ans: Air-filled bronchi within an
area of consolidation.
© 2025 Assignment Expert
These are frequently seen in pneumonia, but can also be seen in
some tumors and other lung abnormalities
Guru01 - Stuvia
More common in alveolar disease
Air bronchogram ≠ pneumonia
Can be seen in lung cancer (adenocarcinoma with
bronchioloalveolar pattern)
Can be seen in lymphoma of the lung
Seen in:
A. Pneumonia
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Pulmonary hemorrhage
E. ARDS
Which patients w/ PNA should have a follow up xray?—Ans: All
patients > 40 years
History of recurrent pneumonia
Current/former smokers
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
Aquifer - Radiology Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
Window vs. Reconstruction on CT?—Ans: Reconstructions -
processing of the raw CT data allows for better resolution of the
structures [higher resolution and higher contrast]
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Reconstruction can be done in 3D (ortho) or in a linear way too
(vascular)
What is the total range of hounsfield units availabe?—Ans: -1000
Guru01 - Stuvia
(air) to +1000 (metal) [so range is 2000]
What does a typical computer display show for greyscale range?
What can the human eye actually distinguish?—Ans: 256shades
(that means each shade of grey covers ~8HU)
The can only distinguish 17 shades of grey
What is a good way to check diaphragm flattening?—Ans: Look
at the lateral film
Diaphragm will be flat like you can set a ruler down on the edge
What can a poor inspiration/hypoinflation appear like?—Ans:
consolidation or PNA
How to look at the lung fields?—Ans: Sweep or a zig zag down
the lung field (both in PA and lateral views)
look for focal, diffuse, BL asymmetrical, interstital/vasc markings,
lucencies (cavity/bullae/PTX),
, 2
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
compare upper and lower and L/R zones
Middle
lower zones
Which hilum should always appear higher on the radiograph?—
Ans: The LEFT sided hilum should be higher - if its not its
pathological
What to look for with the heart?—Ans: Size of the heart - the
cadiac:thoracic cavity ratio
LA
LV
© 2025 Assignment Expert
What mediastinal lines should be observed on PA film?—Ans: R
paratracheal line
Azygous area
Guru01 - Stuvia
Azygoesophageal line
Paraaortic line (all the way down)
If you can see these you need to figure out the reason why
How to look at the bones on Xray?—Ans: Quadrant method
[above and below the ribs] (the middle lung section you just
also go down the spine looking for abnormalities, mets, or collapse
When should you START looking at OLD films?—Ans: AFTER you
have COMPLETELY evaluated the new scan
What are the ACR appropriateness criteria?—Ans: The aim is to
provide continuously updated evidence-based algorithms that
ensure the safest, most cost-effective, and most efficient path to
radiological diagnosis or intervention matched to specific variants
of clinical presentations.
, 3
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
Federal LAW requires referring physicians to consult Appropriate
Use Criteria (AUC), such as ACR Appropriateness Criteria, prior to
ordering advanced imaging services (ADIS), including CT, MR,
nuclear medicine, and PET, for Medicare patients.
How are appropriateness criteria divided/staged?—Ans: Older
appropriateness rating tables used a numerical rating scale: •
Usually Appropriate = 9, 8, or 7 • May be Appropriate = 6, 5, or 4 •
Usually Not Appropriate = 3, 2, or 1
Newer appropriateness rating tables simply use the three
categories: • Usually Appropriate (Green cells in the table) • May
© 2025 Assignment Expert
be Appropriate (Yellow cells in the table) • Usually Not
Appropriate (Red cells in the table)
What lobe of lung is seen at the apicies?—Ans: The R and L upper
lobes
Guru01 - Stuvia
What is the silhouette sign?—Ans: The visual interface between
structures of different density.
Its actually when a silhouette is LOST that we say its a "silhouette
sign"
What is spine sign?—Ans: When the combined density of the
vertebrae and some source of fluid/consolidation make the
vertebrae look MORE dense [just like ice over water accentuates
the ice appearing like they have increased density even though
they still the same ice]
What are cases in which spine sign occur?—Ans: Spine sign -
vertebral bodies should be relative lucent (black) above the
diaphragm on lateral projection.
-Lateral x-ray goes through spine + pneumonia and vertebra will
appear whiter (fewer x-rays reach detector since some are
absorbed in the pneumonia)
, 4
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
- Helpful sign for detection of lower lobe pneumonia. - - Very useful
for detecting LLL pneumonia behind the heart.
- If vertebral bodies appear more dense (whiter) above the level
of diaphragm, and part of one of the diaphragms is obscured →
spine sign → sign of lower lobe pneumonia
- There are other causes for the spine to appear whiter (such as a
blastic bone metastasis).
What is the lingula aligned with?—Ans: The left heart border (this is
more visible in the lateral view xray)
What are air bronchograms?—Ans: Air-filled bronchi within an
area of consolidation.
© 2025 Assignment Expert
These are frequently seen in pneumonia, but can also be seen in
some tumors and other lung abnormalities
Guru01 - Stuvia
More common in alveolar disease
Air bronchogram ≠ pneumonia
Can be seen in lung cancer (adenocarcinoma with
bronchioloalveolar pattern)
Can be seen in lymphoma of the lung
Seen in:
A. Pneumonia
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Pulmonary hemorrhage
E. ARDS
Which patients w/ PNA should have a follow up xray?—Ans: All
patients > 40 years
History of recurrent pneumonia
Current/former smokers
