Deep Vein Thrombosis Exam Rated A+ Brand New!!

Deep Vein Thrombosis Exam Rated A+ Brand New!! superficial veins - Answer- greater saphenous, less saphenous, cephalic, external jugular deep veins - Answer- femoral, iliac, inf/sup vena cava, axillary and subclavian VTE - Answer- venous thrombus embolism deep veins need ________ to facilitate back flow back to the heart - Answer- muscle contraction DVT results from - Answer- -the formation of a clot inside a vein -clot either partially or completely blocks blood flow when flow is slowed due to illness or immobility: - Answer- -blood will pool and stasis occurs venous stasis - Answer- -valves are dysfunctional and or muscles become inactive -obesity, immobilization, a-fib, bed rest vessel wall damage - Answer- d/t trauma or external pressure resulting in a decrease in fibrinolytic properties altered blood coagulation - Answer- anemia's thrombin deficiency, infections and oral contraceptives, cancers what is present in the veins to prevent back flow? - Answer- valves pathophysiology of thombi - Answer- -collection of platelets, fibrin, WBC, RBC, attached to vein wall -venous stasis occurs -as thrombus enlarges, increase in RBC at site lead to a larger clot and possible occlusion process takes about 5-7 days the larger the clot becomes: - Answer- -the blood can not pass, so it will continue to clot risk factors - Answer- -immobility: restricts blood flow to heart and decrease in muscle contraction -injuries: inflammatory response -clotting disorders -infections -oral contraceptives: increase risk for clots -cancer: altered clotting factors -pregnancy: 3rd trimester -smoking -obesity -prolonged sitting why does prolonged sitting put someone at risk for clotting? - Answer- -immobile -dependent position -decrease blood flow to the heart s/s of DVT - Answer- -edema of affected extremity -pain/tenderness -redness -skin warm to touch if s/s are b/l: - Answer- systemic dx of DVT - Answer- -hx -physical exam: s/s -duplex venous ultrasound -venography -MRI medical management - Answer- -prevent further growth of thrombus as well as fragmentation to prevent emboli -anticoagulant therapy and supportive care -thrombolytic care (dissolves clot) -surgical therapy contraindications to anticoagulant therapy - Answer- -bleeding disorders: GI, GU, reproductive -severe trauma -severe hepatic or renal disease (can not metabolize med) -recent cerebrovascular hemorrhage heparin - Answer- -heparin sodium, heparin calcium -IV (weight based), onset: 5-10 mins -SC: injection units q6-8h prophylaxis, onset: 20-60 mins what is the action of heparin? - Answer- -potentiates effect of antithrombin 3 -prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin -preventing thrombus formation and extension of existing thrombi heparin PO - Answer- -poorly absorbed -goes straight to liver and metabolizes side effects of heparin - Answer- -bleeding, rashes -adverse: thrombocytopenia (IV) what is thrombocytopenia - Answer- -low platelet levels -heparin induced