NR 283: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
What are the clinical manifestation for alterations in arousal? - correct answer -level of
conscious changes which is the most critical evidence, pattern of breathing evaluates level of
brain dysfunction, pupillary changes indicate level of brain stem dysfunction, oculomotor
responses and motor response which help evaluate level of dysfunction and damaged side
Brain death is what? - correct answer -total brain death, body can no longer maintain internal
homeostasis, unresponsive coma, no spontaneous respirations, no brain stem function and flat
eeg
What is cerebral death? - correct answer -irreversible coma and death of the cerebral
hemispheres exclusive of the brain stem and cerebellum, and the bran can continue to maintain
internal homeostasis.
What are the 4 types of cerebral death? - correct answer -coma, vegetative state which they can
open their eyes and have normal sleep, minimal conscious state which they have small
movements and follow commands and locked-in syndrome which the brain is conscious and
body is paralyzed.
What is a seizure - correct answer -sudden, transient, alteration of brain function caused by
abrupt discharge of cerebral neurons
What is the cause of a seizure - correct answer -cerebral lesions or trauma, biochemical
disorders
Epilepsy is what, and results from what? - correct answer -continuous seizure with no known
trigger, results from interaction of mutations and environmental factors and epileptic neurons.
, What are the phases of seizures? - correct answer -tonic phase which is contraction, clonic
phase which is relaxation and postictal phase which is sleepiness or tired.
What are the cm of seizures? - correct answer -aura which is a warning sign, prodroma which
are physical symptoms, fatigue, n and headache, increase in oxygen consumption, prolonged
seizure can cause damage
What are the 3 types of dysphasia? - correct answer -expressive which is broca and deficit of
expression, receptive which is wernicke and deficit of comprehension, and transcortical which is
echolalia.
What is acute confusional state or acs - correct answer -transient disorder of awareness that
result from cerebral dysfunction.
Acs is caused by - correct answer -secondary to drug intoxication, metabolic disorder, nervous
system disease
Acs cm - correct answer -impaired or lost detection, inability to concentrate, restless, irritable,
and compulsive behavior
What is delirium - correct answer -more severe type of acs, with worsening symptoms.
What is dementia - correct answer -group of symptoms that cause progressive failure of
cerebral functions of orientation, memory, language, behavior and judgement and decision
making
Dementia cm and causes - correct answer -infection, atherosclerosis, trauma, and genetics
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
What are the clinical manifestation for alterations in arousal? - correct answer -level of
conscious changes which is the most critical evidence, pattern of breathing evaluates level of
brain dysfunction, pupillary changes indicate level of brain stem dysfunction, oculomotor
responses and motor response which help evaluate level of dysfunction and damaged side
Brain death is what? - correct answer -total brain death, body can no longer maintain internal
homeostasis, unresponsive coma, no spontaneous respirations, no brain stem function and flat
eeg
What is cerebral death? - correct answer -irreversible coma and death of the cerebral
hemispheres exclusive of the brain stem and cerebellum, and the bran can continue to maintain
internal homeostasis.
What are the 4 types of cerebral death? - correct answer -coma, vegetative state which they can
open their eyes and have normal sleep, minimal conscious state which they have small
movements and follow commands and locked-in syndrome which the brain is conscious and
body is paralyzed.
What is a seizure - correct answer -sudden, transient, alteration of brain function caused by
abrupt discharge of cerebral neurons
What is the cause of a seizure - correct answer -cerebral lesions or trauma, biochemical
disorders
Epilepsy is what, and results from what? - correct answer -continuous seizure with no known
trigger, results from interaction of mutations and environmental factors and epileptic neurons.
, What are the phases of seizures? - correct answer -tonic phase which is contraction, clonic
phase which is relaxation and postictal phase which is sleepiness or tired.
What are the cm of seizures? - correct answer -aura which is a warning sign, prodroma which
are physical symptoms, fatigue, n and headache, increase in oxygen consumption, prolonged
seizure can cause damage
What are the 3 types of dysphasia? - correct answer -expressive which is broca and deficit of
expression, receptive which is wernicke and deficit of comprehension, and transcortical which is
echolalia.
What is acute confusional state or acs - correct answer -transient disorder of awareness that
result from cerebral dysfunction.
Acs is caused by - correct answer -secondary to drug intoxication, metabolic disorder, nervous
system disease
Acs cm - correct answer -impaired or lost detection, inability to concentrate, restless, irritable,
and compulsive behavior
What is delirium - correct answer -more severe type of acs, with worsening symptoms.
What is dementia - correct answer -group of symptoms that cause progressive failure of
cerebral functions of orientation, memory, language, behavior and judgement and decision
making
Dementia cm and causes - correct answer -infection, atherosclerosis, trauma, and genetics
