NR283 EXAM 1 (WEEK 1) CHAMBERLAIN QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER -movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
osmotic pressure: definition - CORRECT ANSWER -the force that attracts water across a semi-
permeable membrane
water attractors in osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER -- sodium
- albumin
passive diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER -- solutes crossing a semi-permeable membrane down a
concentration gradient
- No ATP needed
facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER -- solutes moving across a semi-permeable membrane
from low concentration to high
- ATP required
anaerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER -Respiration that does not require oxygen
aerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER -Respiration that requires oxygen
where does the Krebs cycle take place? - CORRECT ANSWER -mitochondria
Krebs cycle: Aerobic respiration important characteristic - CORRECT ANSWER -- produces a
bunch of ATP
- no byproducts
,Krebs cycle: Anaerobic respiration important characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER -- produces 2
ATP
- byproducts: pyruvic acid, lactic acid
- leads to metabolic acidosis
- temporary
Na+K+ pump - CORRECT ANSWER -uses ATP to keep K+ inside cell and Na+ outside cell to create
resting potential (2:3 ratio)
resting potential (Na+K+ pump) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Imbalance of electrical charge that exists
between the interior of electrically excitable neurons and their surroundings.
- Move sodium ions outside the neuron and more potassium ions inside that neuron
action potential (Na+K+ pump) - CORRECT ANSWER -i. When different ions cross the neuron
membrane
ii. Stimulus first causes sodium channels to open and sodium ions rush into the neuron because
more sodium outside cell and inside is negatively charged
Why does majority of the salt need to remain outside of the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER -water
would rush in and burst the cells
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER -the study of how disease processes affect the normal
function of the body
Pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER -disease process from start to finish
, Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER -- A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal
state; equilibrium
- uses osmosis and diffusion
risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER -increase the likelihood of developing a disease
another term for signs and symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER -clinical manifestations
subjective - CORRECT ANSWER -- symptoms
- what the patient says they feel
- eg. headache, pain, nausea
objective - CORRECT ANSWER -- signs
- what you can see
- eg. vitals
complications - CORRECT ANSWER -- what I am at risk for because i have ________
- eg. myocardial infarction is a possible complication of hypertension
prophylaxis - CORRECT ANSWER -- prevention of disease
- eg. antibiotics when you have surgery to prevent getting an infection
characteristics of undifferentiated cells - CORRECT ANSWER -- stem cells
- no "job"
- blank canvas: can turn into anything
- if the undifferentiated cell is found outside of bone marrow, it is cancer
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER -movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
osmotic pressure: definition - CORRECT ANSWER -the force that attracts water across a semi-
permeable membrane
water attractors in osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER -- sodium
- albumin
passive diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER -- solutes crossing a semi-permeable membrane down a
concentration gradient
- No ATP needed
facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER -- solutes moving across a semi-permeable membrane
from low concentration to high
- ATP required
anaerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER -Respiration that does not require oxygen
aerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER -Respiration that requires oxygen
where does the Krebs cycle take place? - CORRECT ANSWER -mitochondria
Krebs cycle: Aerobic respiration important characteristic - CORRECT ANSWER -- produces a
bunch of ATP
- no byproducts
,Krebs cycle: Anaerobic respiration important characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER -- produces 2
ATP
- byproducts: pyruvic acid, lactic acid
- leads to metabolic acidosis
- temporary
Na+K+ pump - CORRECT ANSWER -uses ATP to keep K+ inside cell and Na+ outside cell to create
resting potential (2:3 ratio)
resting potential (Na+K+ pump) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Imbalance of electrical charge that exists
between the interior of electrically excitable neurons and their surroundings.
- Move sodium ions outside the neuron and more potassium ions inside that neuron
action potential (Na+K+ pump) - CORRECT ANSWER -i. When different ions cross the neuron
membrane
ii. Stimulus first causes sodium channels to open and sodium ions rush into the neuron because
more sodium outside cell and inside is negatively charged
Why does majority of the salt need to remain outside of the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER -water
would rush in and burst the cells
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER -the study of how disease processes affect the normal
function of the body
Pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER -disease process from start to finish
, Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER -- A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal
state; equilibrium
- uses osmosis and diffusion
risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER -increase the likelihood of developing a disease
another term for signs and symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER -clinical manifestations
subjective - CORRECT ANSWER -- symptoms
- what the patient says they feel
- eg. headache, pain, nausea
objective - CORRECT ANSWER -- signs
- what you can see
- eg. vitals
complications - CORRECT ANSWER -- what I am at risk for because i have ________
- eg. myocardial infarction is a possible complication of hypertension
prophylaxis - CORRECT ANSWER -- prevention of disease
- eg. antibiotics when you have surgery to prevent getting an infection
characteristics of undifferentiated cells - CORRECT ANSWER -- stem cells
- no "job"
- blank canvas: can turn into anything
- if the undifferentiated cell is found outside of bone marrow, it is cancer
