Infectious Diseases and Global Health
Challenges questions and answers
Diarrheal diseases - ✅✅Preventable illnesses and deaths from diarrheal diseases and pneumonia,
affecting children in lower-income countries.
Global cooperation - ✅✅Critical for containing emerging infectious diseases with pandemic potential
and enabling every child to receive recommended vaccines.
Infectious diseases - ✅✅Diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites that cause millions of
deaths every year.
Health risk - ✅✅Infectious diseases continue to be a health risk in all populations in every part of the
world.
Burden of disease - ✅✅In low-income countries, infectious diseases remain responsible for a
significant proportion of the burden of disease.
Fatal childhood infections - ✅✅Majority could have been prevented with inexpensive interventions
like childhood vaccinations and reliable access to clean drinking water.
Diarrhea - ✅✅Characterized by loose/liquid feces and increased frequency of defecation.
Severe diarrhea - ✅✅Can lead to dehydration, excessive loss of water from the body.
Extreme dehydration - ✅✅Can cause kidney and heart failure, and then death.
Incident cases - ✅✅Each year, there are more than 6 billion incident (new) cases of infectious
diarrheal disease worldwide.
, Diarrheal disease deaths - ✅✅Estimated 1.5 million people still die each year from diarrheal diseases.
Rotavirus - ✅✅Most frequent cause of severe diarrhea among infants and young children, causing
more than 200 million cases and 100,000 deaths each year.
Norovirus - ✅✅Most frequent cause of severe diarrhea among adults and also causes a large
proportion of diarrhea cases among children.
Cholera - ✅✅Infection with Vibrio cholerae bacteria that causes severe watery diarrhea; up to 3
million cases of cholera occur annually.
Food intoxication - ✅✅Illness caused when ingested bacteria produce toxins in the body.
A carrier - ✅✅A person with a persistent contagious infection who does not have symptoms of the
disease but can pass the infectious agent on to others.
Giardiasis - ✅✅A protozoal disease that can cause persistent diarrhea.
Brucellosis - ✅✅Caused by bacteria that are transmitted to humans through unpasteurized dairy
products.
Dysentery - ✅✅Bloody diarrhea, with the blood often mixed with mucus, caused by several different
types of bacteria and parasites.
Typhoid infections - ✅✅Often mild, but sometimes causes a high fever and weeks of severe diarrhea.
Listeria monocytogenes - ✅✅Acquired from processed meats and other foods, of public health
concern due to increased risk of miscarriages, stillbirths, and preterm delivery in pregnant women.
Primary prevention actions - ✅✅Actions that reduce the incidence of new disease.
Challenges questions and answers
Diarrheal diseases - ✅✅Preventable illnesses and deaths from diarrheal diseases and pneumonia,
affecting children in lower-income countries.
Global cooperation - ✅✅Critical for containing emerging infectious diseases with pandemic potential
and enabling every child to receive recommended vaccines.
Infectious diseases - ✅✅Diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites that cause millions of
deaths every year.
Health risk - ✅✅Infectious diseases continue to be a health risk in all populations in every part of the
world.
Burden of disease - ✅✅In low-income countries, infectious diseases remain responsible for a
significant proportion of the burden of disease.
Fatal childhood infections - ✅✅Majority could have been prevented with inexpensive interventions
like childhood vaccinations and reliable access to clean drinking water.
Diarrhea - ✅✅Characterized by loose/liquid feces and increased frequency of defecation.
Severe diarrhea - ✅✅Can lead to dehydration, excessive loss of water from the body.
Extreme dehydration - ✅✅Can cause kidney and heart failure, and then death.
Incident cases - ✅✅Each year, there are more than 6 billion incident (new) cases of infectious
diarrheal disease worldwide.
, Diarrheal disease deaths - ✅✅Estimated 1.5 million people still die each year from diarrheal diseases.
Rotavirus - ✅✅Most frequent cause of severe diarrhea among infants and young children, causing
more than 200 million cases and 100,000 deaths each year.
Norovirus - ✅✅Most frequent cause of severe diarrhea among adults and also causes a large
proportion of diarrhea cases among children.
Cholera - ✅✅Infection with Vibrio cholerae bacteria that causes severe watery diarrhea; up to 3
million cases of cholera occur annually.
Food intoxication - ✅✅Illness caused when ingested bacteria produce toxins in the body.
A carrier - ✅✅A person with a persistent contagious infection who does not have symptoms of the
disease but can pass the infectious agent on to others.
Giardiasis - ✅✅A protozoal disease that can cause persistent diarrhea.
Brucellosis - ✅✅Caused by bacteria that are transmitted to humans through unpasteurized dairy
products.
Dysentery - ✅✅Bloody diarrhea, with the blood often mixed with mucus, caused by several different
types of bacteria and parasites.
Typhoid infections - ✅✅Often mild, but sometimes causes a high fever and weeks of severe diarrhea.
Listeria monocytogenes - ✅✅Acquired from processed meats and other foods, of public health
concern due to increased risk of miscarriages, stillbirths, and preterm delivery in pregnant women.
Primary prevention actions - ✅✅Actions that reduce the incidence of new disease.
