UCI Bio 93 Final Exam Study Guide Questions
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
What happens in Telophase 1 and cytokinesis? - ANSWER The
homologous chromosome pairs complete their migration to the
two poles as a result of the action of the spindle. Now a haploid
set of chromosomes is at each pole, with each chromosome still
having two chromatids. A nuclear envelope reforms around each
chromosome set, the spindle disappears, and cytokinesis follows.
What happens during meiosis 2? - ANSWER sister chromatids
separate.
What happens in prophase 2 of meiosis? - ANSWER A new
spindle forms around the chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis? - ANSWER
Metaphase 2 chromosomes line up at the equator.
What happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis? - ANSWER
Centromeres divide chromatids move to opposite poles of the
cells.
What happens during telophase 2 of meiosis? - ANSWER A
nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes and the
cytoplasm divides.
What makes meiosis a unique form of cell division - ANSWER
Synapsis and crossing over -- occurs in prophase 1, pairing up of
homologous chromosomes, homologous chromosomes cross
over and exchange corresponding genetic information (the DNA
,exchanged contain the same genes, but may have different
alleles).
How does meiosis increase genetic variability? - ANSWER
Independent assortment (meiosis 1 -- homologous chromosomes
separate independently), crossing over (genetic recombination,
prophase 1), and random fertilization (any egg can join with any
sperm -- most effective way to obtain genetic variability).
What is the law of segregation? - ANSWER Alleles coding for
the same trait separate independently during gamete formation.
What is non-disjunction? - ANSWER When
homologous
chromosomes or sister chromatids do not separate
properly.
What is a character? - ANSWER An observable heritable
feature
that may vary among individuals. Ex: flower
color.
What is a trait? - ANSWER One of two or more detectable
variants in a genetic character. Ex: purple flower color/white
flower color.
What does the blending theory state? Is this true? - ANSWER
The offspring is a blend of both parents (ex: a tall mom giraffe + a
short dad giraffe = a medium height giraffe). This is not true
because if so, every single offspring would look the same.
, What does particulate inheritance state? Is this true? - ANSWER
Different traits are inherited in separate distinct units (genes) (ex:
F1 and F2 generations). This is always true because of not every
offspring looks the exact same (has the exact same genetics).
What is an allele? - ANSWER An alternate form of a gene (ex:
the gene that determines hair color).
What does the Law of Segregation state? - ANSWER The Law
of Segregation states that two alleles in a pair segregate into
different gametes. (this deals with separation of homologous pairs
in Meiosis 1 producing haploid daughter cells after Meiosis 1).
What does Independent Assortment state? - ANSWER Each
pair of alleles assort/segregate separately from each other during
gamete formation. AKA no gene linkage.
What did Mendelian Genetics assume? - ANSWER Gregor
Mendel, through his work on pea plants, discovered the
fundamental laws of inheritance. He deduced that genes come in
pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent.
Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their
appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits.
What is a dominant allele? - ANSWER An allele that is fully
expressed in the phenotype of the heterozygote.
What is a recessive allele? - ANSWER An allele whose
phenotypic effect is not observed in the heterozygote.
What is a test cross? - ANSWER A method of determining the
genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. We cannot
know the genotype of an organism if they express the dominant
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
What happens in Telophase 1 and cytokinesis? - ANSWER The
homologous chromosome pairs complete their migration to the
two poles as a result of the action of the spindle. Now a haploid
set of chromosomes is at each pole, with each chromosome still
having two chromatids. A nuclear envelope reforms around each
chromosome set, the spindle disappears, and cytokinesis follows.
What happens during meiosis 2? - ANSWER sister chromatids
separate.
What happens in prophase 2 of meiosis? - ANSWER A new
spindle forms around the chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis? - ANSWER
Metaphase 2 chromosomes line up at the equator.
What happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis? - ANSWER
Centromeres divide chromatids move to opposite poles of the
cells.
What happens during telophase 2 of meiosis? - ANSWER A
nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes and the
cytoplasm divides.
What makes meiosis a unique form of cell division - ANSWER
Synapsis and crossing over -- occurs in prophase 1, pairing up of
homologous chromosomes, homologous chromosomes cross
over and exchange corresponding genetic information (the DNA
,exchanged contain the same genes, but may have different
alleles).
How does meiosis increase genetic variability? - ANSWER
Independent assortment (meiosis 1 -- homologous chromosomes
separate independently), crossing over (genetic recombination,
prophase 1), and random fertilization (any egg can join with any
sperm -- most effective way to obtain genetic variability).
What is the law of segregation? - ANSWER Alleles coding for
the same trait separate independently during gamete formation.
What is non-disjunction? - ANSWER When
homologous
chromosomes or sister chromatids do not separate
properly.
What is a character? - ANSWER An observable heritable
feature
that may vary among individuals. Ex: flower
color.
What is a trait? - ANSWER One of two or more detectable
variants in a genetic character. Ex: purple flower color/white
flower color.
What does the blending theory state? Is this true? - ANSWER
The offspring is a blend of both parents (ex: a tall mom giraffe + a
short dad giraffe = a medium height giraffe). This is not true
because if so, every single offspring would look the same.
, What does particulate inheritance state? Is this true? - ANSWER
Different traits are inherited in separate distinct units (genes) (ex:
F1 and F2 generations). This is always true because of not every
offspring looks the exact same (has the exact same genetics).
What is an allele? - ANSWER An alternate form of a gene (ex:
the gene that determines hair color).
What does the Law of Segregation state? - ANSWER The Law
of Segregation states that two alleles in a pair segregate into
different gametes. (this deals with separation of homologous pairs
in Meiosis 1 producing haploid daughter cells after Meiosis 1).
What does Independent Assortment state? - ANSWER Each
pair of alleles assort/segregate separately from each other during
gamete formation. AKA no gene linkage.
What did Mendelian Genetics assume? - ANSWER Gregor
Mendel, through his work on pea plants, discovered the
fundamental laws of inheritance. He deduced that genes come in
pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent.
Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their
appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits.
What is a dominant allele? - ANSWER An allele that is fully
expressed in the phenotype of the heterozygote.
What is a recessive allele? - ANSWER An allele whose
phenotypic effect is not observed in the heterozygote.
What is a test cross? - ANSWER A method of determining the
genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. We cannot
know the genotype of an organism if they express the dominant
