CGRN Exam questions with verified
answers already passed
lamina propria - correct answer ✔✔ the *inner lining of the esophagus* is composed of
squamous epithelium that abuts connective tissue called the ____
submucosa - correct answer ✔✔ the middle layer of the esophagus or _____ consists of fibrous
and connective issue with nerves and blood vessels.
muscularis mucosae - correct answer ✔✔ the middle layer of the esophagus or submucosa is
separated from the lamina propria (inner lining of esophagus) by a smooth muscle band called
the ____ _____
muscularis - correct answer ✔✔ the ____ layer of the esophagus is the outside tissue that has a
layer of circular muscles followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle fibers
Auerbach's - correct answer ✔✔ the ____ nerve plexus lies between the longitudinal muscle
fibers of of the muscularis mucosae of the esophagus
striated - correct answer ✔✔ At the upper portion of the esophagus, there is a small area of
_______ muscle, which accounts for 5% of esophageal muscle.
smooth - correct answer ✔✔ the lower half of the esophagus has _____ muscle, which
accounts for 50% distal end of the esophagus.
GERD - correct answer ✔✔ is caused by reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus.
, inflammatory - correct answer ✔✔ The reflux of acidic contents of the stomach into the
esophagus causes an ________ reaction in the esophageal mucosa.
barrett's - correct answer ✔✔ Long term reflux can lead to _____ esophagus in which the
normal mucosal cells are replaced by columnar epithelium.
GERD - correct answer ✔✔ heartburn, dysphagia, chest pain, coughing, wheezing are
complaints of which disease?
barium swallow - correct answer ✔✔ Diagnosis of GERD - taking x-rays of swallowed barium as
it passes through the esophagus. Can determine if there is an obstruction or other abnormality.
Endoscopy - correct answer ✔✔ Diagnosis of GERD - allowing for visualization of the lining of
the esophagus, looking for abnormalities, masses or inflammation.
manometry - correct answer ✔✔ a test to measure muscle coordination of esophageal
pressures. May help diagnose a motility issue.
pH monitoring - correct answer ✔✔ a study that can help determine the rate and time of reflux
episodes and how they may be related to other GERD symptoms
gastric emptying study - correct answer ✔✔ a test for correlating non-GI symptoms with reflux
which traces the path of a radioactive isotope that is swallowed by the patient
esophagitis - correct answer ✔✔ 50% of GERD patients develop ______
GERD - correct answer ✔✔ complications of ________ include: esophagitis, stricture formation,
ulcerations, barrett's, GI bleeding and aspiration pneumonia.
answers already passed
lamina propria - correct answer ✔✔ the *inner lining of the esophagus* is composed of
squamous epithelium that abuts connective tissue called the ____
submucosa - correct answer ✔✔ the middle layer of the esophagus or _____ consists of fibrous
and connective issue with nerves and blood vessels.
muscularis mucosae - correct answer ✔✔ the middle layer of the esophagus or submucosa is
separated from the lamina propria (inner lining of esophagus) by a smooth muscle band called
the ____ _____
muscularis - correct answer ✔✔ the ____ layer of the esophagus is the outside tissue that has a
layer of circular muscles followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle fibers
Auerbach's - correct answer ✔✔ the ____ nerve plexus lies between the longitudinal muscle
fibers of of the muscularis mucosae of the esophagus
striated - correct answer ✔✔ At the upper portion of the esophagus, there is a small area of
_______ muscle, which accounts for 5% of esophageal muscle.
smooth - correct answer ✔✔ the lower half of the esophagus has _____ muscle, which
accounts for 50% distal end of the esophagus.
GERD - correct answer ✔✔ is caused by reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus.
, inflammatory - correct answer ✔✔ The reflux of acidic contents of the stomach into the
esophagus causes an ________ reaction in the esophageal mucosa.
barrett's - correct answer ✔✔ Long term reflux can lead to _____ esophagus in which the
normal mucosal cells are replaced by columnar epithelium.
GERD - correct answer ✔✔ heartburn, dysphagia, chest pain, coughing, wheezing are
complaints of which disease?
barium swallow - correct answer ✔✔ Diagnosis of GERD - taking x-rays of swallowed barium as
it passes through the esophagus. Can determine if there is an obstruction or other abnormality.
Endoscopy - correct answer ✔✔ Diagnosis of GERD - allowing for visualization of the lining of
the esophagus, looking for abnormalities, masses or inflammation.
manometry - correct answer ✔✔ a test to measure muscle coordination of esophageal
pressures. May help diagnose a motility issue.
pH monitoring - correct answer ✔✔ a study that can help determine the rate and time of reflux
episodes and how they may be related to other GERD symptoms
gastric emptying study - correct answer ✔✔ a test for correlating non-GI symptoms with reflux
which traces the path of a radioactive isotope that is swallowed by the patient
esophagitis - correct answer ✔✔ 50% of GERD patients develop ______
GERD - correct answer ✔✔ complications of ________ include: esophagitis, stricture formation,
ulcerations, barrett's, GI bleeding and aspiration pneumonia.
