lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
HUMB1000 Exam Notes - In-depth information
from Compendiums 1-8.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
COMPENDIUM ONE
Define the terms ‘anatomy’ and ‘physiology’
- Anatomy: the branch of science associated with the structure of organisms
- Physiology: the branch of science associated with the normal function of
organisms and their structures
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Describe the different levels of anatomy and physiology
Anatomy Description
Microscopic The study of anatomy that requires a microscope (cytology,
histology)
Developmental The study of humans across their life span
Gross (Macroscopic) The study of anatomy that doesn’t require a microscope
• Systemic: studying the body system by system
• Regional: studying the body area by area
Surface The study of the external form of the body
Physiology Description
Molecular Within cells
Cellular Inside cells
Systemic Neurophysiology, Cardiovascular
Describe the 6 levels of organisation in the body
1. Chemical
• How atoms interact and combine to form molecules
2. Cellular
• How molecules interact and combine to form organelles
3. Tissue
• Similar cells, and the tissue around them, join to form a tissue type
4. Organ
• Two or more tissue types join to form an organ
5. Organ System
• A group of organs who complete a similar function form a system
6. Organism
List the 6 characteristics of living organisms
1. Organisation = the specific relationships/interactions among parts of an
organism
2. Developmental = changes that occur to a human across their life span
3. Responsiveness = ability to sense and adjust to changes in the
environment
4. Metabolism = ability to use energy to perform vital functions
5. Growth = increasing in size and number of cells
6. Reproduction = creating new life through the fusion of sperm and egg cells;
passing new genes off to offspring
• Homeostasis: maintenance of a relatively constant internal
environment
o Set point = ideal normal value
o Slightly above or below set point is normal range o
Minor = doesn’t require hospital
Define ‘homeostasis’
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
intervention; Major does
List the characteristics of the anatomical
position
Anatomical Position: standard reference
used to describe body parts and their
position relative to other parts
o Upper limbs hanging by side; palms
forward (supinated)
o Lower limbs straight and together
facing forwards
o Head and eyes facing forwards
o Standing erect
• Use appropriate anatomical terminology to describe directional
terms, body planes, and location of body parts and anatomical
relations
Anatomical Terms
Directional Term Description
Superior Position towards the head
The brain is superior to the heart
Inferior Positioned towards the feet
The heart is inferior to the brain
Anterior Positioned towards the front of the body
The heart is anterior to the kidneys
Posterior Positioned towards the back of the body
The kidneys are posterior to the navel
Superficial Positioned towards the surface (skin) of the body
The skin is superficial to the bone
Deep Positioned deeper than the surface of the body
The muscle is deep to the dermis
Proximal Positioned close to the point of attachment
The elbow is proximal to the wrist
Distal Positioned away from the point of attachment
The toes are distal to the knee
Medial Positioned closer to the midline of the body
The heart is medial to the shoulder
Lateral Positioned further from the midline of the body
The ear is lateral to the nose
HUMB1000 Exam Notes - In-depth information
from Compendiums 1-8.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
COMPENDIUM ONE
Define the terms ‘anatomy’ and ‘physiology’
- Anatomy: the branch of science associated with the structure of organisms
- Physiology: the branch of science associated with the normal function of
organisms and their structures
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Describe the different levels of anatomy and physiology
Anatomy Description
Microscopic The study of anatomy that requires a microscope (cytology,
histology)
Developmental The study of humans across their life span
Gross (Macroscopic) The study of anatomy that doesn’t require a microscope
• Systemic: studying the body system by system
• Regional: studying the body area by area
Surface The study of the external form of the body
Physiology Description
Molecular Within cells
Cellular Inside cells
Systemic Neurophysiology, Cardiovascular
Describe the 6 levels of organisation in the body
1. Chemical
• How atoms interact and combine to form molecules
2. Cellular
• How molecules interact and combine to form organelles
3. Tissue
• Similar cells, and the tissue around them, join to form a tissue type
4. Organ
• Two or more tissue types join to form an organ
5. Organ System
• A group of organs who complete a similar function form a system
6. Organism
List the 6 characteristics of living organisms
1. Organisation = the specific relationships/interactions among parts of an
organism
2. Developmental = changes that occur to a human across their life span
3. Responsiveness = ability to sense and adjust to changes in the
environment
4. Metabolism = ability to use energy to perform vital functions
5. Growth = increasing in size and number of cells
6. Reproduction = creating new life through the fusion of sperm and egg cells;
passing new genes off to offspring
• Homeostasis: maintenance of a relatively constant internal
environment
o Set point = ideal normal value
o Slightly above or below set point is normal range o
Minor = doesn’t require hospital
Define ‘homeostasis’
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
intervention; Major does
List the characteristics of the anatomical
position
Anatomical Position: standard reference
used to describe body parts and their
position relative to other parts
o Upper limbs hanging by side; palms
forward (supinated)
o Lower limbs straight and together
facing forwards
o Head and eyes facing forwards
o Standing erect
• Use appropriate anatomical terminology to describe directional
terms, body planes, and location of body parts and anatomical
relations
Anatomical Terms
Directional Term Description
Superior Position towards the head
The brain is superior to the heart
Inferior Positioned towards the feet
The heart is inferior to the brain
Anterior Positioned towards the front of the body
The heart is anterior to the kidneys
Posterior Positioned towards the back of the body
The kidneys are posterior to the navel
Superficial Positioned towards the surface (skin) of the body
The skin is superficial to the bone
Deep Positioned deeper than the surface of the body
The muscle is deep to the dermis
Proximal Positioned close to the point of attachment
The elbow is proximal to the wrist
Distal Positioned away from the point of attachment
The toes are distal to the knee
Medial Positioned closer to the midline of the body
The heart is medial to the shoulder
Lateral Positioned further from the midline of the body
The ear is lateral to the nose
