EMT - Chapter 8 – Pathophysiology Questions
and Answers
What is the best description of minute ventilation?
A.
Amount of air moved into and out of the lungs in 1 minute
B.
Total milliliters of air moving into and out of the lungs in one breath
C.
Amount of oxygen needed by the body in 1 minute
D.
Number of breaths a patient breathes in 1 minute - ✅✅Amount of air moved into and out of the
lungs in 1 minute
What happens after a cell in anaerobic metabolism breaks down glucose and creates energy in the form
of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
A.
Electrolytes in the cell become balanced
B.
Oxygen and water are created
C.
Carbon dioxide and water are formed
D.
Lactic acid is formed - ✅✅Lactic acid is formed
Paramedics have administered a medication to a patient with heart failure. The medication specifically
causes the veins (only) to dilate, thereby decreasing the amount of blood that returns to the heart for
pumping. The EMT would recognize this action as decreasing:
A.
Pulse pressure
,B.
Afterload
C.
Systemic vascular resistance
D.
Preload - ✅✅Preload
What is the best way to decrease a patient's afterload?
A.
Administer intravenous fluids
B.
Provide supplemental oxygen
C.
Reduce the blood pressure
D.
Slow the heart rate - ✅✅Reduce the blood pressure
When a patient has a narrowed pulse pressure, what is occurring?
A.
The blood is being pumped more quickly
B.
The veins and arteries are dilating
C.
The blood vessels are constricting
D.
The heart rate is decreasing - ✅✅The blood vessels are constricting
The EMT is administering oxygen at 95% through a nonrebreather face mask. He would document this
as a FiO2 of:
,A.
0.21
B.
1.00
C.
0.50
D.
0.95 - ✅✅0.95
You are caring for a 66-year-old male patient who is severely dehydrated. How does severe dehydration
affect the cardiovascular system?
A.
It impairs the ability of oxygen to diffuse from the lungs to the blood
B.
It slows the production of white blood cells to fight the infection
C.
It decreases the blood volume available for circulation
D.
It reduces the hemoglobin available to carry oxygen - ✅✅It decreases the blood volume available for
circulation
A 100-kilogram patient with a 500-milliliter tidal volume, breathing 16 times each minute, would have a
minute ventilation of how many milliliters?
A.
8000 mL
B.
1600 mL
C.
2400 mL
D.
, 1200 mL - ✅✅8000 mL
A patient with high blood pressure takes a medication to slow his heart rate, thereby lowering his blood
pressure. The EMT would recognize this action as impacting:
A.
Systemic vascular resistance
B.
Afterload
C.
Preload
D.
Cardiac output - ✅✅Cardiac output
Perfusion is best described as:
A.
Delivery of essential products and nutrients to the cell for its use
B.
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood
C.
An adequate number of white blood cells to carry oxygen to the cells
D.
Availability of oxygen in the lungs for movement into the blood - ✅✅Delivery of essential products
and nutrients to the cell for its use
The patient in anaerobic metabolism is deficient in/of:
A.
Glucose (sugar)
B.
Oxygen
and Answers
What is the best description of minute ventilation?
A.
Amount of air moved into and out of the lungs in 1 minute
B.
Total milliliters of air moving into and out of the lungs in one breath
C.
Amount of oxygen needed by the body in 1 minute
D.
Number of breaths a patient breathes in 1 minute - ✅✅Amount of air moved into and out of the
lungs in 1 minute
What happens after a cell in anaerobic metabolism breaks down glucose and creates energy in the form
of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
A.
Electrolytes in the cell become balanced
B.
Oxygen and water are created
C.
Carbon dioxide and water are formed
D.
Lactic acid is formed - ✅✅Lactic acid is formed
Paramedics have administered a medication to a patient with heart failure. The medication specifically
causes the veins (only) to dilate, thereby decreasing the amount of blood that returns to the heart for
pumping. The EMT would recognize this action as decreasing:
A.
Pulse pressure
,B.
Afterload
C.
Systemic vascular resistance
D.
Preload - ✅✅Preload
What is the best way to decrease a patient's afterload?
A.
Administer intravenous fluids
B.
Provide supplemental oxygen
C.
Reduce the blood pressure
D.
Slow the heart rate - ✅✅Reduce the blood pressure
When a patient has a narrowed pulse pressure, what is occurring?
A.
The blood is being pumped more quickly
B.
The veins and arteries are dilating
C.
The blood vessels are constricting
D.
The heart rate is decreasing - ✅✅The blood vessels are constricting
The EMT is administering oxygen at 95% through a nonrebreather face mask. He would document this
as a FiO2 of:
,A.
0.21
B.
1.00
C.
0.50
D.
0.95 - ✅✅0.95
You are caring for a 66-year-old male patient who is severely dehydrated. How does severe dehydration
affect the cardiovascular system?
A.
It impairs the ability of oxygen to diffuse from the lungs to the blood
B.
It slows the production of white blood cells to fight the infection
C.
It decreases the blood volume available for circulation
D.
It reduces the hemoglobin available to carry oxygen - ✅✅It decreases the blood volume available for
circulation
A 100-kilogram patient with a 500-milliliter tidal volume, breathing 16 times each minute, would have a
minute ventilation of how many milliliters?
A.
8000 mL
B.
1600 mL
C.
2400 mL
D.
, 1200 mL - ✅✅8000 mL
A patient with high blood pressure takes a medication to slow his heart rate, thereby lowering his blood
pressure. The EMT would recognize this action as impacting:
A.
Systemic vascular resistance
B.
Afterload
C.
Preload
D.
Cardiac output - ✅✅Cardiac output
Perfusion is best described as:
A.
Delivery of essential products and nutrients to the cell for its use
B.
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood
C.
An adequate number of white blood cells to carry oxygen to the cells
D.
Availability of oxygen in the lungs for movement into the blood - ✅✅Delivery of essential products
and nutrients to the cell for its use
The patient in anaerobic metabolism is deficient in/of:
A.
Glucose (sugar)
B.
Oxygen
