Toxicology Test quizzes with
answers graded A+
Parcelus - ANS✅✅said "dose makes the poison"
True - ANS✅✅T/F - Just because a chemical is present, does not mean that its harmful in the
amount present
toxicology - ANS✅✅- study of adverse health effects and assesses probability of their occurrence
poison - ANS✅✅any agent capable of producing a deleterious response in a biological system
Toxicity - ANS✅✅degree to which something is poisonous; amount of substance that can produce
deleterious effect
Xenobiotics - ANS✅✅manmade toxic substances or result from human activity
- Also called anthropogenics, man-made, synthetics, pollutants, contaminants, recalcitrant, and
persistent
toxin - ANS✅✅a toxic substance made by living organisms including reptiles, insects, plants, and
microorganisms; protein;
dose-response curve - ANS✅✅- Evaluate toxicity
- Correlative relationship between characteristic of exposure and spectrum of effects caused by
chemical
- - Most fundamental and pervasive concept in tox
False - ANS✅✅t/f: There are absolutes in science
LD50 - ANS✅✅o 50% of population would die at this dose
o used to compare toxicity of different compounds
o therapeutic effect vs toxic effect vs lethal effect
, additive - ANS✅✅- combination of 2 chemicals produces effect that is equal to individual effects
added together: 2+2=4
synergism - ANS✅✅- combined effect of 2 or more chemicals is greater than sum of their
individual effects: 2+4=10
potentiation - ANS✅✅- one chemical is not toxic causes another chemical to become more toxic:
0+2=4
antangonism - ANS✅✅- 2 or more chemicals administered together interfere with each other's
actions; 2+4=3
acute - ANS✅✅- exposure for less than 24 hours
subacute - ANS✅✅- exposure for one month or less
subchronic - ANS✅✅: 1-3 months exposure
chronic - ANS✅✅exposure for more than 3 months
Delivery, reaction, cellular dysfunction, repair/disrepair - ANS✅✅4 steps of mechanism of toxicity
absorption, distribution, toxciation - ANS✅✅3 factors that facilitate accumulation of toxin
Absorption - ANS✅✅transfer of chemical from site of exposure into systemic circulation
- opposes presystemic elimination
lipid solubility - ANS✅✅influences absorption
Pressystemic Elimination - ANS✅✅o common for chemicals absorbed through GI tract
o Pass through GI mucosa, liver, lung, before distribution to body
answers graded A+
Parcelus - ANS✅✅said "dose makes the poison"
True - ANS✅✅T/F - Just because a chemical is present, does not mean that its harmful in the
amount present
toxicology - ANS✅✅- study of adverse health effects and assesses probability of their occurrence
poison - ANS✅✅any agent capable of producing a deleterious response in a biological system
Toxicity - ANS✅✅degree to which something is poisonous; amount of substance that can produce
deleterious effect
Xenobiotics - ANS✅✅manmade toxic substances or result from human activity
- Also called anthropogenics, man-made, synthetics, pollutants, contaminants, recalcitrant, and
persistent
toxin - ANS✅✅a toxic substance made by living organisms including reptiles, insects, plants, and
microorganisms; protein;
dose-response curve - ANS✅✅- Evaluate toxicity
- Correlative relationship between characteristic of exposure and spectrum of effects caused by
chemical
- - Most fundamental and pervasive concept in tox
False - ANS✅✅t/f: There are absolutes in science
LD50 - ANS✅✅o 50% of population would die at this dose
o used to compare toxicity of different compounds
o therapeutic effect vs toxic effect vs lethal effect
, additive - ANS✅✅- combination of 2 chemicals produces effect that is equal to individual effects
added together: 2+2=4
synergism - ANS✅✅- combined effect of 2 or more chemicals is greater than sum of their
individual effects: 2+4=10
potentiation - ANS✅✅- one chemical is not toxic causes another chemical to become more toxic:
0+2=4
antangonism - ANS✅✅- 2 or more chemicals administered together interfere with each other's
actions; 2+4=3
acute - ANS✅✅- exposure for less than 24 hours
subacute - ANS✅✅- exposure for one month or less
subchronic - ANS✅✅: 1-3 months exposure
chronic - ANS✅✅exposure for more than 3 months
Delivery, reaction, cellular dysfunction, repair/disrepair - ANS✅✅4 steps of mechanism of toxicity
absorption, distribution, toxciation - ANS✅✅3 factors that facilitate accumulation of toxin
Absorption - ANS✅✅transfer of chemical from site of exposure into systemic circulation
- opposes presystemic elimination
lipid solubility - ANS✅✅influences absorption
Pressystemic Elimination - ANS✅✅o common for chemicals absorbed through GI tract
o Pass through GI mucosa, liver, lung, before distribution to body
