Toxicology Exam queries and
answers graded 100%
Toxicology - ANS✅✅Science of poisons, studying the adverse effects of chemicals on living
organisms
Dosage - ANS✅✅The amount of a drug to be administered (mg per kg of body weight per day)
Toxicity - ANS✅✅The degree or extent to which an agent can cause adverse effects to an organism
Dose Response - ANS✅✅The relationship between the amount of a toxicant taken/exposed and
the incidence/extent of the toxic response induced
Toxicants - ANS✅✅Natural or synthetic materials capable of causing adverse effects to living
organisms
Poison - ANS✅✅Toxicants that tend to cause acute death or severe illness when exposed in trace
amounts
Xenobiotic - ANS✅✅A foreign (usually chemical) substance foreign to the biological system
Ecotoxicology - ANS✅✅The branch of toxicology concerned with the study of toxic effects caused
by natural or synthetic pollutants
Risk Assessment - ANS✅✅The analysis of environmental exposure and the evaluation of toxicity
test in human health or ecological risk
Contaminants in Consumer Products (3) - ANS✅✅Triclosan: antiseptic agent, causes skin irritation
and can be absorbed by the body
Lead: can cause kidney damage, neurological disability
BPA: leaching from product cases reproductive and hormonal effects
,Contaminants in Food Products (3) - ANS✅✅Mercury: accumulates in fatty tissues and affects the
nervous system, memory, muscle weakness
Melamine: renal failure
Transfats: cholesterol levels and raises LDL
Pollutants in the Open Environment (5) - ANS✅✅Plastics, Pharmaceutical Wastes, Pesticides,
Metals, Viruses
Group I Toxicants - ANS✅✅Individual, Specific Toxicants (VOCs, Arsenic, Lead, Mercury, CO2)
Group 2 Toxicants - ANS✅✅Chemical/Biological Families (asbestos, mold, nitrogen oxides, sulfur
oxides, POCs)
Group 3 Toxicants - ANS✅✅Grouped by similar use/effects/sources and public recognition
(asthma triggers, car exhaust, water contamination, food additives)
Abiotic Transformation - ANS✅✅Chemical
Biotic Transformation - ANS✅✅Biological
Advection - ANS✅✅Substance is moved horizontally by the mass motion of the medium
Diffusion - ANS✅✅Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration
Distribution into Plants - ANS✅✅Deposited onto foliage via air/water, or taken up by roots
Distribution into Animals - ANS✅✅Absorption, Bioaccumulation/Biomagnification
Primary Air Pollutants - ANS✅✅Directly emitted, from humans or a natural source (volcanic ash,
automobile exhaust)
, Secondary Air Pollutants - ANS✅✅Produced from the reaction/interaction of Primary Pollutants
(ozone formed in the troposphere)
Classifications of Air Pollutants - ANS✅✅Chemicals, Particulate Matter, Biological Materials, Solid
Particles, Liquid Droplets, Gas Molecules
Local Transport of Air Pollution - ANS✅✅Travels short distances within a confined area
(precipitation/deposition, reactive)
Long Range Transport of Air Pollutants - ANS✅✅Grasshopper Effect (movement of chemicals from
warmer to colder parts)
Direct Deposition - ANS✅✅Deposited directly onto water surface or directly onto land
Dry Deposition - ANS✅✅Particles from the atmosphere settling onto lake and land surfaces during
periods of no precipitation
Wet Deposition - ANS✅✅Any form of precipitation removes atmospheric particles and delivers
them to Earth's surface
Indirect Deposition - ANS✅✅Deposited in a location and moved to a secondary location due to
runoff/weather
Transport Mechanisms for Soil - ANS✅✅- Volatilization (from soils)
- Degradation (in soils)
- Erosion and runoff (from soils)
- Leaching (from soils)
Absorption - ANS✅✅Absorbed, or taken into the body
Adsorption - ANS✅✅Adheres to the surface
Bioaccumulation - ANS✅✅Substances accumulate/build up in an organism faster than the
organism can eliminate them
answers graded 100%
Toxicology - ANS✅✅Science of poisons, studying the adverse effects of chemicals on living
organisms
Dosage - ANS✅✅The amount of a drug to be administered (mg per kg of body weight per day)
Toxicity - ANS✅✅The degree or extent to which an agent can cause adverse effects to an organism
Dose Response - ANS✅✅The relationship between the amount of a toxicant taken/exposed and
the incidence/extent of the toxic response induced
Toxicants - ANS✅✅Natural or synthetic materials capable of causing adverse effects to living
organisms
Poison - ANS✅✅Toxicants that tend to cause acute death or severe illness when exposed in trace
amounts
Xenobiotic - ANS✅✅A foreign (usually chemical) substance foreign to the biological system
Ecotoxicology - ANS✅✅The branch of toxicology concerned with the study of toxic effects caused
by natural or synthetic pollutants
Risk Assessment - ANS✅✅The analysis of environmental exposure and the evaluation of toxicity
test in human health or ecological risk
Contaminants in Consumer Products (3) - ANS✅✅Triclosan: antiseptic agent, causes skin irritation
and can be absorbed by the body
Lead: can cause kidney damage, neurological disability
BPA: leaching from product cases reproductive and hormonal effects
,Contaminants in Food Products (3) - ANS✅✅Mercury: accumulates in fatty tissues and affects the
nervous system, memory, muscle weakness
Melamine: renal failure
Transfats: cholesterol levels and raises LDL
Pollutants in the Open Environment (5) - ANS✅✅Plastics, Pharmaceutical Wastes, Pesticides,
Metals, Viruses
Group I Toxicants - ANS✅✅Individual, Specific Toxicants (VOCs, Arsenic, Lead, Mercury, CO2)
Group 2 Toxicants - ANS✅✅Chemical/Biological Families (asbestos, mold, nitrogen oxides, sulfur
oxides, POCs)
Group 3 Toxicants - ANS✅✅Grouped by similar use/effects/sources and public recognition
(asthma triggers, car exhaust, water contamination, food additives)
Abiotic Transformation - ANS✅✅Chemical
Biotic Transformation - ANS✅✅Biological
Advection - ANS✅✅Substance is moved horizontally by the mass motion of the medium
Diffusion - ANS✅✅Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration
Distribution into Plants - ANS✅✅Deposited onto foliage via air/water, or taken up by roots
Distribution into Animals - ANS✅✅Absorption, Bioaccumulation/Biomagnification
Primary Air Pollutants - ANS✅✅Directly emitted, from humans or a natural source (volcanic ash,
automobile exhaust)
, Secondary Air Pollutants - ANS✅✅Produced from the reaction/interaction of Primary Pollutants
(ozone formed in the troposphere)
Classifications of Air Pollutants - ANS✅✅Chemicals, Particulate Matter, Biological Materials, Solid
Particles, Liquid Droplets, Gas Molecules
Local Transport of Air Pollution - ANS✅✅Travels short distances within a confined area
(precipitation/deposition, reactive)
Long Range Transport of Air Pollutants - ANS✅✅Grasshopper Effect (movement of chemicals from
warmer to colder parts)
Direct Deposition - ANS✅✅Deposited directly onto water surface or directly onto land
Dry Deposition - ANS✅✅Particles from the atmosphere settling onto lake and land surfaces during
periods of no precipitation
Wet Deposition - ANS✅✅Any form of precipitation removes atmospheric particles and delivers
them to Earth's surface
Indirect Deposition - ANS✅✅Deposited in a location and moved to a secondary location due to
runoff/weather
Transport Mechanisms for Soil - ANS✅✅- Volatilization (from soils)
- Degradation (in soils)
- Erosion and runoff (from soils)
- Leaching (from soils)
Absorption - ANS✅✅Absorbed, or taken into the body
Adsorption - ANS✅✅Adheres to the surface
Bioaccumulation - ANS✅✅Substances accumulate/build up in an organism faster than the
organism can eliminate them
