CNIT 176 exam 1 Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

CNIT 176 exam 1 Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct Boolean algebra - ANSWER -Mathematical system for the manipulation of variables that can have one of two values AND - ANSWER -XY OR - ANSWER -X + Y NOT - ANSWER -X' XOR - ANSWER -True when values of inputs differ NAND - ANSWER -(XY)' or X' + Y' NOR - ANSWER -(X + Y)' or X'Y' Boolean functions must have: - ANSWER -1+ Boolean variables, 1+ Boolean operators, 1+ inputs from the set {0, 1} Universal logic gates: - ANSWER -NAND and NOR; any Boolean function can be constructed using only these gates Combinational circuits - ANSWER -Produce specified output almost at the instant when input values are applied Half adder - ANSWER -Finds the sum of 2 bits Full adder - ANSWER -Finds the sum of 2 bits + a carry in Ripple-carry adder - ANSWER -Series of full adders where the carry bit "ripples" between adders Decoder with n inputs - ANSWER -Selects any of 2^n locations as a memory location Multiplexer - ANSWER -Selects a single output from several inputs Sequential circuits - ANSWER -Output is determined by the inputs and current state, controlled by clocks Edge-triggered sequential circuits - ANSWER -Change state on the rising or falling edge of the clock pulse Level-triggered sequential circuits - ANSWER -Change state when the clock voltage reaches its highest or lowest level Feedback - ANSWER -When an output is looped back to the input SR flip-flop - ANSWER -Set/reset flip-flop JK flip-flop - ANSWER -Modified SR flip-flop that prevents the undefined state D flip-flop - ANSWER -Output is the same during subsequent clock pulses, output changes only when value of D changes Generation Zero - ANSWER -Mechanical calculating machines () Ada Lovelace - ANSWER -First programmer First Generation - ANSWER -Vacuum tube computers () ENIAC - ANSWER -First general-purpose computer Second Generation - ANSWER -Transistorized computers () Transistor - ANSWER -Replaced vacuum tube, fast, small, durable, cheap Magnetic Cores - ANSWER -Replaced magnetic drums, information available instantly Magnetic Disks - ANSWER -Replaced magnetic tape, data can be accessed directly Third Generation - ANSWER -Integrated circuit computers () Integrated circuits - ANSWER -Replaced circuit boards, smaller, cheaper, faster, more reliable Terminal - ANSWER -Input/output device with a keyboard and screen Fourth Generation - ANSWER -Very large scale integration (1980-?) Moore's Law - ANSWER -Density of silicon chips doubles every 18 months Rock's Law - ANSWER -Cost of capital equipment to build semiconductors doubles every 4 years System - ANSWER -Collection of components linked together and organized as a single unit System architecture - ANSWER -Fundamental properties, patterns of relationships, connections, linkages among components and between system and environment Client-server computing - ANSWER -Program on client computer requests services from program on server computer Two-tier architecture - ANSWER -2 computers are involved in a service Three-tier architecture - ANSWER -3 computers are involved in a service N-tier architecture - ANSWER -N computers are involved in a service Software as a Service (SaaS) - ANSWER -Applications run on server or processing is divided on server and client Platform as a Service (PaaS) - ANSWER -Tools for a developer to create and run applications on a cloud platform Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - ANSWER -Cloud-based hardware emulation of virtual machines and networking Peer-to-peer computing - ANSWER -Computers on a network are treated as equals Bit - ANSWER -Smallest unit of information