NSG4330 Weeks 1-4 (Resp Failure, ACS, HF, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Renal Failure) questions with answers
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What are the 3 processes of effective gas exchange? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔Ventilation, perfusion, diffusion - any problems can
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
result in Hypoxemia or Hypercarbia
|\ |\ |\ |\
What is Respiratory failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-one of both
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gas exchanging functions are inadequate - amount of O2
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transferred to blood is insufficient (hypoxemia) or amount of CO2
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
removed from lungs is inadequate (hypercapnia)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Definition of hypoxemic Resp failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔PaO2 <60mmHg on 60% O2 (FiO2 .60)
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Definition of hypercapnic Resp failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔PaCO2 >45mmHg in combination with academia pH <7.35
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Types of ventilation-perfusion relationships - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Normal, VQ mismatch, absolute shunt, deadspace, diffusion
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
limitation, alveolar hypoventilation
|\ |\
Diagnostic studies for Resp failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔ABGs, CXR, CBC, Lytes, Urinalysis, ECG
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Specific manifestations for Hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔decreased SPO2, dyspnea, intercostal muscle retraction,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
prolonged expiration, tachypnea, cyanosis (late), paradoxical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(late)
Specific manifestations of hypercapnia? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Dysnpea, decreased minute ventilation, decreased resp rate
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or increased rate with shallow resps, decreased tidal volume.
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Primary goal of O2 therapy? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Correct
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hypoxemia
What are the indications for mechanical ventilation? - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔Apnea or impending inability to protect airway,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
acute respiratory failure, severe hypoxia, respiratory muscle
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
fatigue
What is ARDS? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sudden and progressive
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
acute respiratory failure - see progressive symptomology,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
worsening PaO2/FiO2 ratio and whiteout/white lung
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
<300 = mild ARDS
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<200 = moderate ARDS
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<100 = severe ARDS - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔divide PaO2 / FiO2
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Manifestations of pnehmothorax - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔No
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breath sounds over affected area with or without
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hyperresonance. CXR shows air and or fluid in pleura space. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, S&S of pleural effusion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔progressive
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dyspnea, decreased chest wall movement, pleuritic pain, absent
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or distant breath sounds, dullness on percussion, CXR>250mL
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VTE signs and symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Unilateral leg
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edema, pain in the extremity, sense of fullness, paresthesia,
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warm skin, ehythema, fever
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Tests of blood coagulation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔INR
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Normal: 0.75-1.25, therapeutic 2-3
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aPTT 25-35 sec. Therapeutic 46-70 sec
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ACT 70-120 sec. Therapeutic >300 sec
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PAtients taking anticoagulants should avoid taking - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔ASA (Aspirin) and NSAIDs |\ |\ |\ |\
Clinical manifestations of a pulmonary embolism - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Classic triad: Dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(coughing up blood) |\ |\
Also anxiety, feeling of impending doom, sudden onset of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
unexplained dyspnea/tachypnea/tachycardia |\
Diagnostic tests for a PE? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔spiral CT, V/Q
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(ventilation perfusion scan), pulmonary angiogram, ABGs, d-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dimer
Renal Failure) questions with answers
|\ |\ |\ |\
What are the 3 processes of effective gas exchange? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Ventilation, perfusion, diffusion - any problems can
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
result in Hypoxemia or Hypercarbia
|\ |\ |\ |\
What is Respiratory failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-one of both
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gas exchanging functions are inadequate - amount of O2
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transferred to blood is insufficient (hypoxemia) or amount of CO2
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
removed from lungs is inadequate (hypercapnia)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Definition of hypoxemic Resp failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔PaO2 <60mmHg on 60% O2 (FiO2 .60)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Definition of hypercapnic Resp failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔PaCO2 >45mmHg in combination with academia pH <7.35
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Types of ventilation-perfusion relationships - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Normal, VQ mismatch, absolute shunt, deadspace, diffusion
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
limitation, alveolar hypoventilation
|\ |\
Diagnostic studies for Resp failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔ABGs, CXR, CBC, Lytes, Urinalysis, ECG
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Specific manifestations for Hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔decreased SPO2, dyspnea, intercostal muscle retraction,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
prolonged expiration, tachypnea, cyanosis (late), paradoxical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(late)
Specific manifestations of hypercapnia? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Dysnpea, decreased minute ventilation, decreased resp rate
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
or increased rate with shallow resps, decreased tidal volume.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Primary goal of O2 therapy? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Correct
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypoxemia
What are the indications for mechanical ventilation? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Apnea or impending inability to protect airway,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
acute respiratory failure, severe hypoxia, respiratory muscle
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
fatigue
What is ARDS? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sudden and progressive
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
acute respiratory failure - see progressive symptomology,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
worsening PaO2/FiO2 ratio and whiteout/white lung
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
<300 = mild ARDS
|\ |\ |\
<200 = moderate ARDS
|\ |\ |\
<100 = severe ARDS - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔divide PaO2 / FiO2
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Manifestations of pnehmothorax - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔No
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
breath sounds over affected area with or without
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hyperresonance. CXR shows air and or fluid in pleura space. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, S&S of pleural effusion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔progressive
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dyspnea, decreased chest wall movement, pleuritic pain, absent
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
or distant breath sounds, dullness on percussion, CXR>250mL
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
VTE signs and symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Unilateral leg
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
edema, pain in the extremity, sense of fullness, paresthesia,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
warm skin, ehythema, fever
|\ |\ |\
Tests of blood coagulation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔INR
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Normal: 0.75-1.25, therapeutic 2-3
|\ |\ |\
aPTT 25-35 sec. Therapeutic 46-70 sec
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ACT 70-120 sec. Therapeutic >300 sec
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
PAtients taking anticoagulants should avoid taking - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔ASA (Aspirin) and NSAIDs |\ |\ |\ |\
Clinical manifestations of a pulmonary embolism - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Classic triad: Dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(coughing up blood) |\ |\
Also anxiety, feeling of impending doom, sudden onset of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
unexplained dyspnea/tachypnea/tachycardia |\
Diagnostic tests for a PE? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔spiral CT, V/Q
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(ventilation perfusion scan), pulmonary angiogram, ABGs, d-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dimer
