NUR 612
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i2032h
1. What is hypospadias?: termination of urethra on ventral penile surface
2. What is epispadias?: open of urethra on dorsal penial surface
3. Which is more common: hypospadias or epispadias?: hypospadias
4. What is contraindicated in newborn males with hypospadias? Why?: circumcision;
child will grow, foreskin will later be used for repair.
5. What is phimosis and paraphimosis?: phimosis is constriction of the prepuce or penile foreskin
that prevents retraction over the glans. paraphimosis is when the foreskin is so tight it cannot cover the glans (most
common in catheterized males).
6. Describe peyronie's disease: localized and progressive fibrosis of unknown origin that affects the tunica
albuginea. characterized by painful erection, bent erection, and presence of hard, fibrotic mass where fibrosis has
occurred
7. What is priapism?: urologic emergency from prolonged, involuntary, painful erection.
8. what is low flow priapism?: Venous stasis in corpora cavernosa caused by a failure to subside erection.
considered ischemic.
9. what is high flow priapism?: persistent arterial flow into corpora cavernosa r/t trauma.
10. primary priapism results from what types of injuries? what is primary pri-
apism?: trauma, infection, infection, and neoplasms; condition r/t penis
11. secondary priapism results from what type of conditions? what is secondary
priapism?: hematologic conditions, neurologic conditions, renal failure; conditions indirectly r/t penis
12. what are risk factors for penial arterial insufficiency?: hypertension, hyperlipidemia,
cigarette smoking, DM, pelvic irradiation. consider which ones are reversible.
13. what is balanitis?: acute or chronic inflammation of the glans penis
14. What is balanoposthitis?: inflammation/infection of glans AND prepuce; happens because the foreskin
interferes with cleanliness and promotes bacterial growth
15. What is cryptorchidism?: occurs when one or both testes do not descend into scrotal sac. normally
descend between 7-9 months gestation.
16. What is testicular torsion? What is absent?: surgical emergency where testicle is high in
scrotum, in an abnormal orientation, with absent cremasteric reflex
17. what is the acronym TWIST for?: Testicular pain, warning signs (pain, swelling, redness), immedi-
ately tell someone, see a doctor, time is of essence.
18. What is epididymitis and diagnosis consist of?: inflammation of epididymis; STIs=urethritis;
Non-STIs=UTIs and prostatitis. normal cremasteric reflex.
1/7
, NUR 612
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i2032h
19. what is orchitis caused by?: mumps*, scarlet fever, pneumonia; infection of testicles; mumps most
common.
20. what are possible etiologies for scrotal cancer?: exposure to tar, soot, oils (chimney sweeps);
poor hygiene; chronic inflammation r/t untreated HPV infection
21. what are the possible etiologies for testicular cancer?: cryptochorchidism; genetic
factors; testicular development disorders.
22. what is a seminoma?: cancer from germ cell tumors in 20-34 y.o.
23. signs and symptoms of testicular cancer: PAINLESS lump on testicle that can vary in size; feeling
of heaviness/ache in lower abdomen/scrotum.
24. what is acute prostatitis? what is the treatment for it?: acute bacterial infection that came
from the urethra. antibiotics for 4 weeks.
25. what is chronic prostatitis? what is the treatment for it?: r/t bacterial infection from
recurrent UTIs. 3-4 months of low dose antibiotics. poor penetration of antibiotics to prostate.
26. what are s/s of chronic prostatitis?: inflamed prostate with low grade fever, purulent drainage, and
pain with ejaculation
27. what are screening methods for prostate cancer? should prostates have
areas of hardening?: digital rectal exam, PSA levels; assessment of high risk patients. hardening indicates
cancer (tip of nose).
28. who is at high risk of developing prostate cancer?: black men, those with strong family hx
29. what is necessary for diagnosis of prostate cancer? how can we trend the
disease?: biopsy is gold standard; follow PSA levels; if there is a spike after removal, indicative of recurrent disease.
30. how do you manage metastatic prostate cancer?: treat with androgen deprivation therapy;
orchiectomy; GnRH analogs
31. What correlates with the volume and stage of prostate cancer?
A. testosterone
B. PSA
C. Estrogen levels
D. GnRH release: B: PSA
32. What are the most common causes of epididymitis in young men without
underlying genitourinary disease?
A. Chlamydia and candida
B. Chlamydia and gonorrhea
2/7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i2032h
1. What is hypospadias?: termination of urethra on ventral penile surface
2. What is epispadias?: open of urethra on dorsal penial surface
3. Which is more common: hypospadias or epispadias?: hypospadias
4. What is contraindicated in newborn males with hypospadias? Why?: circumcision;
child will grow, foreskin will later be used for repair.
5. What is phimosis and paraphimosis?: phimosis is constriction of the prepuce or penile foreskin
that prevents retraction over the glans. paraphimosis is when the foreskin is so tight it cannot cover the glans (most
common in catheterized males).
6. Describe peyronie's disease: localized and progressive fibrosis of unknown origin that affects the tunica
albuginea. characterized by painful erection, bent erection, and presence of hard, fibrotic mass where fibrosis has
occurred
7. What is priapism?: urologic emergency from prolonged, involuntary, painful erection.
8. what is low flow priapism?: Venous stasis in corpora cavernosa caused by a failure to subside erection.
considered ischemic.
9. what is high flow priapism?: persistent arterial flow into corpora cavernosa r/t trauma.
10. primary priapism results from what types of injuries? what is primary pri-
apism?: trauma, infection, infection, and neoplasms; condition r/t penis
11. secondary priapism results from what type of conditions? what is secondary
priapism?: hematologic conditions, neurologic conditions, renal failure; conditions indirectly r/t penis
12. what are risk factors for penial arterial insufficiency?: hypertension, hyperlipidemia,
cigarette smoking, DM, pelvic irradiation. consider which ones are reversible.
13. what is balanitis?: acute or chronic inflammation of the glans penis
14. What is balanoposthitis?: inflammation/infection of glans AND prepuce; happens because the foreskin
interferes with cleanliness and promotes bacterial growth
15. What is cryptorchidism?: occurs when one or both testes do not descend into scrotal sac. normally
descend between 7-9 months gestation.
16. What is testicular torsion? What is absent?: surgical emergency where testicle is high in
scrotum, in an abnormal orientation, with absent cremasteric reflex
17. what is the acronym TWIST for?: Testicular pain, warning signs (pain, swelling, redness), immedi-
ately tell someone, see a doctor, time is of essence.
18. What is epididymitis and diagnosis consist of?: inflammation of epididymis; STIs=urethritis;
Non-STIs=UTIs and prostatitis. normal cremasteric reflex.
1/7
, NUR 612
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i2032h
19. what is orchitis caused by?: mumps*, scarlet fever, pneumonia; infection of testicles; mumps most
common.
20. what are possible etiologies for scrotal cancer?: exposure to tar, soot, oils (chimney sweeps);
poor hygiene; chronic inflammation r/t untreated HPV infection
21. what are the possible etiologies for testicular cancer?: cryptochorchidism; genetic
factors; testicular development disorders.
22. what is a seminoma?: cancer from germ cell tumors in 20-34 y.o.
23. signs and symptoms of testicular cancer: PAINLESS lump on testicle that can vary in size; feeling
of heaviness/ache in lower abdomen/scrotum.
24. what is acute prostatitis? what is the treatment for it?: acute bacterial infection that came
from the urethra. antibiotics for 4 weeks.
25. what is chronic prostatitis? what is the treatment for it?: r/t bacterial infection from
recurrent UTIs. 3-4 months of low dose antibiotics. poor penetration of antibiotics to prostate.
26. what are s/s of chronic prostatitis?: inflamed prostate with low grade fever, purulent drainage, and
pain with ejaculation
27. what are screening methods for prostate cancer? should prostates have
areas of hardening?: digital rectal exam, PSA levels; assessment of high risk patients. hardening indicates
cancer (tip of nose).
28. who is at high risk of developing prostate cancer?: black men, those with strong family hx
29. what is necessary for diagnosis of prostate cancer? how can we trend the
disease?: biopsy is gold standard; follow PSA levels; if there is a spike after removal, indicative of recurrent disease.
30. how do you manage metastatic prostate cancer?: treat with androgen deprivation therapy;
orchiectomy; GnRH analogs
31. What correlates with the volume and stage of prostate cancer?
A. testosterone
B. PSA
C. Estrogen levels
D. GnRH release: B: PSA
32. What are the most common causes of epididymitis in young men without
underlying genitourinary disease?
A. Chlamydia and candida
B. Chlamydia and gonorrhea
2/7
