Anatomy and Physiology - Chapter 2 Questions
and Answers
Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass
Mass
The amount of material in matter
Atom
Smallest stable unit of matter
Subatomic Particles
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Protons
Subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom that are POSITIVELY charged
Neutrons
Subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge (NEUTRAL)
Electrons
Subatomic particles that float around the nucleus of an atom and have a NEGATIVE charge, are much
lighter than protons and neutrons
Mass Number
protons + neutrons
Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom
Element
Pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain different numbers of neutrons
Radioisotopes
Isotopes of atoms with unstable nuclei
Half-life
, The time required for half of a given amount of the isotope to decay
Atomic Weight
An AVERAGE of the different atomic masses based on an element's natural proportions of isotopes in
nature
Mole
A specific quantity (6.02 x 10^23) with a weight (in grams) equal to that element's atomic weight.
Avagadro's Number
6.02 x 10^23
Valence Shell
Outermost electron shell. Can hold up to 8 electrons. Determines reactivity
Molecule
Made up of 2 or more atoms
Compound
Made up of 2 or more different elements in a fixed proportion
Ion
A charged atom (unequal number of protons and electrons)
Cation
A positively charged atom
Anion
A negatively charged atom
Ionic Bond
Bond that requires the DONATING and ACCEPTING of electrons (cations and anions attracting)
Covalent Bond
Bond that requires SHARING of electrons (to complete their valence shell)
Single Covalent Bond
A bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons
Double Covalent Bond
A bond that involves two shared pairs of electrons
Polar Covalent Bond
and Answers
Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass
Mass
The amount of material in matter
Atom
Smallest stable unit of matter
Subatomic Particles
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Protons
Subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom that are POSITIVELY charged
Neutrons
Subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge (NEUTRAL)
Electrons
Subatomic particles that float around the nucleus of an atom and have a NEGATIVE charge, are much
lighter than protons and neutrons
Mass Number
protons + neutrons
Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom
Element
Pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain different numbers of neutrons
Radioisotopes
Isotopes of atoms with unstable nuclei
Half-life
, The time required for half of a given amount of the isotope to decay
Atomic Weight
An AVERAGE of the different atomic masses based on an element's natural proportions of isotopes in
nature
Mole
A specific quantity (6.02 x 10^23) with a weight (in grams) equal to that element's atomic weight.
Avagadro's Number
6.02 x 10^23
Valence Shell
Outermost electron shell. Can hold up to 8 electrons. Determines reactivity
Molecule
Made up of 2 or more atoms
Compound
Made up of 2 or more different elements in a fixed proportion
Ion
A charged atom (unequal number of protons and electrons)
Cation
A positively charged atom
Anion
A negatively charged atom
Ionic Bond
Bond that requires the DONATING and ACCEPTING of electrons (cations and anions attracting)
Covalent Bond
Bond that requires SHARING of electrons (to complete their valence shell)
Single Covalent Bond
A bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons
Double Covalent Bond
A bond that involves two shared pairs of electrons
Polar Covalent Bond
