ANA 209 Exam 2 Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hr7edw
1. three types of muscle: smooth, cardiac, skeletal
2. skeletal muscle: -muscle that consists of striated (striped appearance) cell called muscle fibers or myofibers.
-Striation is the result of overlapped arrangement of proteins.
-Produces voluntary movement by attaching to bone.
3. cardiac muscle: -muscle that is found in the walls of the heart
-responsible for heart's contraction
-striated
-INvoluntary
-cells are called myocytes, cardiomyocytes, or cardiocytes.
-short, thick cardiocytes connected to each other through electrical and mechanical junctions at their intercalated discs
-highly resistant to fatigue (abundance of myoglobin, glycogen, and large mitochondria)
4. smooth muscle: -contractile proteins are not arranged in the same way as in other muscle types
-myofilaments are not regularly aligned with each other, so NO striations
-calcium needed to activate contraction
-cells are capable of mitosis; have one nucleus
-cells are called myocytes and they are short and fusiform; tapered at ends
-INvoluntary
-contracts and relaxes slowly
-very fatigue-resistant
5. Functions of muscular tissue: -movement (body parts, contents; communication)
-stability (maintain posture, resist pull of gravity)
-control of body openings and passages
-heat production (up to 85% of body heart; maintains homeostasis)
-glycemic control (regulate blood glucose; absorb, store and use glucose)
6. Properties of muscle that enable them to carry out their functions: -excitability
(react to stimuli)
-conductivity (move stimulation through muscle cell)
-contractility (shorten when stimulated)
-extensibility (stretch without harm)
-elasticity (can recoil from stretch)
7. innervation: describes which nerve stimulates the muscle
, ANA 209 Exam 2 Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hr7edw
8. frontalis: facial muscle that elevates eyebrows and skin of forehead
9. occipitalis: retracts and tenses the scalp
10. galea aponeurotica: connects the frontalis and occipitalis; also known as the occipitofrontalis
11. orbicularis oculi: facial muscle that closes eye
12. orbicularis oris: facial muscle that closes lips
13. zygomaticus major and minor: raise corners of mouth for smile
14. risorius: facial muscles that expresses horror
15. depressor anguli oris: depresses the corner of the mouth
16. tongue: muscle for chewing and speech (intrinsic muscles); extrinsic muscles connect it to the rest of the head
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hr7edw
1. three types of muscle: smooth, cardiac, skeletal
2. skeletal muscle: -muscle that consists of striated (striped appearance) cell called muscle fibers or myofibers.
-Striation is the result of overlapped arrangement of proteins.
-Produces voluntary movement by attaching to bone.
3. cardiac muscle: -muscle that is found in the walls of the heart
-responsible for heart's contraction
-striated
-INvoluntary
-cells are called myocytes, cardiomyocytes, or cardiocytes.
-short, thick cardiocytes connected to each other through electrical and mechanical junctions at their intercalated discs
-highly resistant to fatigue (abundance of myoglobin, glycogen, and large mitochondria)
4. smooth muscle: -contractile proteins are not arranged in the same way as in other muscle types
-myofilaments are not regularly aligned with each other, so NO striations
-calcium needed to activate contraction
-cells are capable of mitosis; have one nucleus
-cells are called myocytes and they are short and fusiform; tapered at ends
-INvoluntary
-contracts and relaxes slowly
-very fatigue-resistant
5. Functions of muscular tissue: -movement (body parts, contents; communication)
-stability (maintain posture, resist pull of gravity)
-control of body openings and passages
-heat production (up to 85% of body heart; maintains homeostasis)
-glycemic control (regulate blood glucose; absorb, store and use glucose)
6. Properties of muscle that enable them to carry out their functions: -excitability
(react to stimuli)
-conductivity (move stimulation through muscle cell)
-contractility (shorten when stimulated)
-extensibility (stretch without harm)
-elasticity (can recoil from stretch)
7. innervation: describes which nerve stimulates the muscle
, ANA 209 Exam 2 Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hr7edw
8. frontalis: facial muscle that elevates eyebrows and skin of forehead
9. occipitalis: retracts and tenses the scalp
10. galea aponeurotica: connects the frontalis and occipitalis; also known as the occipitofrontalis
11. orbicularis oculi: facial muscle that closes eye
12. orbicularis oris: facial muscle that closes lips
13. zygomaticus major and minor: raise corners of mouth for smile
14. risorius: facial muscles that expresses horror
15. depressor anguli oris: depresses the corner of the mouth
16. tongue: muscle for chewing and speech (intrinsic muscles); extrinsic muscles connect it to the rest of the head
