Molecular Cell Biology Chapter 9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hulxdv
1. Translation: The synthesis of proteins as directed by mRNA templates. Is only the first step in the formation of a
functional protein. Polypeptide chains must fold into appropriate conformations and often undergo various processing
steps, sorting, and transport.
2. prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: Gene expression is regulated at the level of translation in both?
3. cell behavior: There are also multiple controls on the amounts and activities of intracellular proteins, which
ultimately regulate all aspects of cell behavior
4. mRNA templates: Proteins are synthesized form _____ by a process that has been highly conserved
throughout evolution.
5. amino to the carboxyl terminus: All mRNAs are read in the 5' to 3' direction, and polypeptide chains
are synthesized form the?
6. codon: Each amino acid is specified by three bases a _____ in the mRNA
7. ribosomes: Translation is carried out on _______, with tRNAs serving as adaptors.
8. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, plus other proteins: Proteins synthesis involves interactions between?
9. tRNAs: these align amino acids with corresponding condons on the mRNA template. They are 70-80 nucleotides
long and have characteristic cloverleaf structures resulting from base pairing between different regions.
10. L shapes: All tRNAs fold into compact?
11. terminal adenosine: CCA at the 3' terminus, and amino acids are covalently attached to the ribose of the?
12. anticodon loop: The _______ binds to the appropriate codon by complementary base pairing
13. aminoacyl tRNA synthetases: Attachment of amino acids to specific tRNAs: by enzymes?
14. amino acid join AMP- form aminoacyl AMP, and Amino acid is transferred to
the 3' CCA terminus of the tRNA and AMP is released: Each of 20 enzymes recognizes a
single amino acid, and correct tRNA. Attachment occurs in 2 steps that are?
15. complementary base pairing: The amino acid is aligned on the mRNA template by?
16. codon: Most amino acids are specified by more than one?
17. non-strandard base pairing (wobble): Some tRNAs can recognize more than one mRNA codon,
as a result of _______ at the 3rd codon position
18. G with U, inosine (I) to pair with U, C, or A.: Wobble allows?
19. inosine: Guanosine is modified to ____ in the anticodons of some tRNAs
20. Ribosomes: These are named according to their sedimentation rates in ultra-centrifugation
21. 70S: For bacterial ribosome
22. 80S: For eukaryotic ribosomes?
23. rRNA and proteins: Ribosomes have two subunits and contains?
1/8
, Molecular Cell Biology Chapter 9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hulxdv
24. vitro: Ribosomes can be formed in _____ by self-assembly from purified ribosomal proteins and rRNAs, which
provides an important experimental tool
25. secondary structures: rRNAs form characteristic _______ by complementary base pairing.
26. 3-D: Subsequent folding results in distinct ____ structures.
27. rRNA: This is responsible for catalyzing peptide bond formation.
28. structural role: Ribosomal proteins play a?
29. ribozyme: The large ribosomal subunit functions as a?
30. untranslated regions (UTRs): mRNAs have non-coding _________ at the ends.
31. mono-cistronic: Most eukaryote mRNAs are ____. encoding a singe protein.
32. poly-cistronic: Prokaryotic mRNAs are often ______, encoding multiple proteins, each of which is translated
from an independent start site.
33. methionine by AUG: In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, translation always starts with _____, usually
encoded by _____.
34. different: Are the signals that identify initiation codons are the same or different in prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells?
35. Shine-Dalgarno sequence: Initiation codons in bacterial mRNAs are preceded by a ______, that aligns
the mRNA on the ribosome.
36. polycistronic mRNAs: Shine-Dalgarno sequence can initiate translation at the 5' end of an mRNA and at
internal initiation sites of?
37. 7-methylguanosine cap: Eukaryotic mRNAs are recognized by the ______ at the 5' terminus. The
ribosomes then scan downstream of this cap until they encounter the initiation codon.
38. Initiation, elongation, and termination: Translation occurs in what 3 stages?
39. methionyl tRNA: A specific initiator _____ and the mRNA bind to the small ribosomal subunit.
40. large ribosomal: The _____ then joins, forming a functional ribosome.
41. non-ribosomal proteins: Many _______ are also required for various stages of translation.
42. IF1 and IF3: In bacteria, initiation starts with a 30S ribosomal subunit bound to initiation factors?
43. N-formylmethionyl (fMet) tRNA and IF2 (bound to GTP) join the complex: After
bacterial initiation factors IF1 and IF3 are bound. The mRNA initiator?
44. 50S subunit binds to the complex then IF2 is released: in bacterial initiations after fMet
tRNA and IF2 join the complex IF1 and IF3 are released and a?
45. Eukaryotic initiation factors (elFs): In eukaryotes initiation is more complex, and requires at least
12 proteins, designated?
2/8
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hulxdv
1. Translation: The synthesis of proteins as directed by mRNA templates. Is only the first step in the formation of a
functional protein. Polypeptide chains must fold into appropriate conformations and often undergo various processing
steps, sorting, and transport.
2. prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: Gene expression is regulated at the level of translation in both?
3. cell behavior: There are also multiple controls on the amounts and activities of intracellular proteins, which
ultimately regulate all aspects of cell behavior
4. mRNA templates: Proteins are synthesized form _____ by a process that has been highly conserved
throughout evolution.
5. amino to the carboxyl terminus: All mRNAs are read in the 5' to 3' direction, and polypeptide chains
are synthesized form the?
6. codon: Each amino acid is specified by three bases a _____ in the mRNA
7. ribosomes: Translation is carried out on _______, with tRNAs serving as adaptors.
8. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, plus other proteins: Proteins synthesis involves interactions between?
9. tRNAs: these align amino acids with corresponding condons on the mRNA template. They are 70-80 nucleotides
long and have characteristic cloverleaf structures resulting from base pairing between different regions.
10. L shapes: All tRNAs fold into compact?
11. terminal adenosine: CCA at the 3' terminus, and amino acids are covalently attached to the ribose of the?
12. anticodon loop: The _______ binds to the appropriate codon by complementary base pairing
13. aminoacyl tRNA synthetases: Attachment of amino acids to specific tRNAs: by enzymes?
14. amino acid join AMP- form aminoacyl AMP, and Amino acid is transferred to
the 3' CCA terminus of the tRNA and AMP is released: Each of 20 enzymes recognizes a
single amino acid, and correct tRNA. Attachment occurs in 2 steps that are?
15. complementary base pairing: The amino acid is aligned on the mRNA template by?
16. codon: Most amino acids are specified by more than one?
17. non-strandard base pairing (wobble): Some tRNAs can recognize more than one mRNA codon,
as a result of _______ at the 3rd codon position
18. G with U, inosine (I) to pair with U, C, or A.: Wobble allows?
19. inosine: Guanosine is modified to ____ in the anticodons of some tRNAs
20. Ribosomes: These are named according to their sedimentation rates in ultra-centrifugation
21. 70S: For bacterial ribosome
22. 80S: For eukaryotic ribosomes?
23. rRNA and proteins: Ribosomes have two subunits and contains?
1/8
, Molecular Cell Biology Chapter 9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hulxdv
24. vitro: Ribosomes can be formed in _____ by self-assembly from purified ribosomal proteins and rRNAs, which
provides an important experimental tool
25. secondary structures: rRNAs form characteristic _______ by complementary base pairing.
26. 3-D: Subsequent folding results in distinct ____ structures.
27. rRNA: This is responsible for catalyzing peptide bond formation.
28. structural role: Ribosomal proteins play a?
29. ribozyme: The large ribosomal subunit functions as a?
30. untranslated regions (UTRs): mRNAs have non-coding _________ at the ends.
31. mono-cistronic: Most eukaryote mRNAs are ____. encoding a singe protein.
32. poly-cistronic: Prokaryotic mRNAs are often ______, encoding multiple proteins, each of which is translated
from an independent start site.
33. methionine by AUG: In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, translation always starts with _____, usually
encoded by _____.
34. different: Are the signals that identify initiation codons are the same or different in prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells?
35. Shine-Dalgarno sequence: Initiation codons in bacterial mRNAs are preceded by a ______, that aligns
the mRNA on the ribosome.
36. polycistronic mRNAs: Shine-Dalgarno sequence can initiate translation at the 5' end of an mRNA and at
internal initiation sites of?
37. 7-methylguanosine cap: Eukaryotic mRNAs are recognized by the ______ at the 5' terminus. The
ribosomes then scan downstream of this cap until they encounter the initiation codon.
38. Initiation, elongation, and termination: Translation occurs in what 3 stages?
39. methionyl tRNA: A specific initiator _____ and the mRNA bind to the small ribosomal subunit.
40. large ribosomal: The _____ then joins, forming a functional ribosome.
41. non-ribosomal proteins: Many _______ are also required for various stages of translation.
42. IF1 and IF3: In bacteria, initiation starts with a 30S ribosomal subunit bound to initiation factors?
43. N-formylmethionyl (fMet) tRNA and IF2 (bound to GTP) join the complex: After
bacterial initiation factors IF1 and IF3 are bound. The mRNA initiator?
44. 50S subunit binds to the complex then IF2 is released: in bacterial initiations after fMet
tRNA and IF2 join the complex IF1 and IF3 are released and a?
45. Eukaryotic initiation factors (elFs): In eukaryotes initiation is more complex, and requires at least
12 proteins, designated?
2/8
