NU673 Exam Questions with Accurate.
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Needle insertion location for tension pneumothorax - ✔✔2nd intercostal space
chest tube insertion location - ✔✔4th intercostal space
how low should an endotrachial tube be on a xray to confirm placement - ✔✔T4 or lower
inferior tip of the scapula lies at which rib or interspace - ✔✔7th
where should a thoracentesis be done - ✔✔T7-8 interspace
when neck is flexed what is the most prominent vertebrae - ✔✔C7
causes of pleural effusions - ✔✔transudates such in atelectasis, heart failure, and nephrotic
syndrome; exudates such as pneumonia, TB, PE, pancreatitis, and malignancy
muscles in the rib cage that help to expand the rib cage and run from the cervical vertebrae to
the first two ribs - ✔✔scalenes
muscles in the rib cage that help to expand the rib cage and cross obliquely from the sternum
to the ribs - ✔✔parasternals
Process: temporary myocardial ischemia usually secondary to coronary atherosclerosis
Location: Retrosternal or across the anterior chest, sometimes radiating to the shoulders, arms,
neck, lower jaw, or upper abdomen
, Quality: Pressing, squeezing, tight, heavy, occasionally burning
Severity: Mild to moderate, sometimes perceived as discomfort rather than pain
Timing: usually 1-3 minutes but up to 10 minutes. Prolonged episodes up to 20 minutes
Factors that Aggravate: Exertion, especially in the cold; meals; emotional stress. May occur at
rest.
Factors that Relieve: Rest, Nitro
Associated Symptoms: Sometimes dyspnea, nausea, sweating - ✔✔Angina Pectoris
Process: prolonged myocardial ischemia, resulting in irreversible muscle damage or necrosis
Location: Retrosternal or across the anterior chest, sometimes radiating to the shoulders, arms,
neck, lower jaw, or upper abdomen
Quality: Pressing, squeezing, tight, heavy, occasionally burning
Severity: Mild to moderate, sometimes perceived as discomfort rather than pain
Severity: Often but not always a severe pain
Timing: 20 minutes to several hours
Associated Symptoms: Dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, sweating, weakness - ✔✔Myocardial
Infarction
Process: Irritation of parietal pleura adjacent to the pericardium
Location: Retrosternal or left precordial, may radiate to the tip of the left shoulder
Quality: Sharp, knifelike
Severity: Often severe
Timing: Persistent
Factors that Aggravate: Breathing, changing position, coughing, lying down, sometimes
swallowing
Factors that Relieve: Sitting forward ay relieve it.
Associated Symptoms: Seen in autoimmune disorders, post-myocardial infarction, viral
infection, chest irradiation - ✔✔Pericarditis (known cause)
100% success
Needle insertion location for tension pneumothorax - ✔✔2nd intercostal space
chest tube insertion location - ✔✔4th intercostal space
how low should an endotrachial tube be on a xray to confirm placement - ✔✔T4 or lower
inferior tip of the scapula lies at which rib or interspace - ✔✔7th
where should a thoracentesis be done - ✔✔T7-8 interspace
when neck is flexed what is the most prominent vertebrae - ✔✔C7
causes of pleural effusions - ✔✔transudates such in atelectasis, heart failure, and nephrotic
syndrome; exudates such as pneumonia, TB, PE, pancreatitis, and malignancy
muscles in the rib cage that help to expand the rib cage and run from the cervical vertebrae to
the first two ribs - ✔✔scalenes
muscles in the rib cage that help to expand the rib cage and cross obliquely from the sternum
to the ribs - ✔✔parasternals
Process: temporary myocardial ischemia usually secondary to coronary atherosclerosis
Location: Retrosternal or across the anterior chest, sometimes radiating to the shoulders, arms,
neck, lower jaw, or upper abdomen
, Quality: Pressing, squeezing, tight, heavy, occasionally burning
Severity: Mild to moderate, sometimes perceived as discomfort rather than pain
Timing: usually 1-3 minutes but up to 10 minutes. Prolonged episodes up to 20 minutes
Factors that Aggravate: Exertion, especially in the cold; meals; emotional stress. May occur at
rest.
Factors that Relieve: Rest, Nitro
Associated Symptoms: Sometimes dyspnea, nausea, sweating - ✔✔Angina Pectoris
Process: prolonged myocardial ischemia, resulting in irreversible muscle damage or necrosis
Location: Retrosternal or across the anterior chest, sometimes radiating to the shoulders, arms,
neck, lower jaw, or upper abdomen
Quality: Pressing, squeezing, tight, heavy, occasionally burning
Severity: Mild to moderate, sometimes perceived as discomfort rather than pain
Severity: Often but not always a severe pain
Timing: 20 minutes to several hours
Associated Symptoms: Dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, sweating, weakness - ✔✔Myocardial
Infarction
Process: Irritation of parietal pleura adjacent to the pericardium
Location: Retrosternal or left precordial, may radiate to the tip of the left shoulder
Quality: Sharp, knifelike
Severity: Often severe
Timing: Persistent
Factors that Aggravate: Breathing, changing position, coughing, lying down, sometimes
swallowing
Factors that Relieve: Sitting forward ay relieve it.
Associated Symptoms: Seen in autoimmune disorders, post-myocardial infarction, viral
infection, chest irradiation - ✔✔Pericarditis (known cause)
