HOSA Pathophysiology Exam 2026
Questions and Answers
Amniocentesis - Correct answer-taking a fluid sample between the 15th and the
16th week of pregnancy to diagnose congenital anomalies
Bicornate uterus - Correct answer-a uterus having two horns or horn-shaped
branches
Neonate - Correct answer-newborn baby
Dysplasia - Correct answer-marked by abnormal adult cells
Muscular dystrophy - Correct answer-progressive degeneration and weakening of
the skeletal muscles
Dystrophy - Correct answer-condition produced by faulty nutrition
Contractures - Correct answer-immobility of muscles or a joint caused by
shortening or wasting of tissue or muscle fibers
Electromyography - Correct answer-an electrodiagnostic assessment of the activity
of the skeletal muscles
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,Meninges - Correct answer-Covering around the brain and the spinal cord
Anecephalic - Correct answer-No cranial vault and little cerebral tissue
Foramen Ovale - Correct answer-opening in the septum between the right and left
atria of the fetal heart
Acyanotic - Correct answer-absence of a bluish appearance of the skin and mucous
membranes
Adenosarcoma - Correct answer-a cancerous gland like tumor such as wilms'
tumor
Ataxic - Correct answer-uncoordinated gait associated with pathology of the
central nervous system
Azoospermia - Correct answer-an absence of spermatozoa in the seaman
Dysplasia - Correct answer-marked by abnormal adult cells
Electromyography - Correct answer-an electrodiagnosis assessment of the activity
of skeletal muscles
Meconium - Correct answer-the first stool of a newborn, greenish black with a
tarry consistency
Pylorus - Correct answer-the narrow part of the stomach toward the duodenum
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, Stenosis - Correct answer-narrowing of an opening
Tachypnea - Correct answer-rapid and shallow breathing
Trisomy - Correct answer-one or more than the normal number of chromosomes
Anticholinesterase - Correct answer-any enzyme that counteracts in the presence of
choline esters
Autoimmune - Correct answer-an immune response resulting in the presence of
self-antigens or auto-antigens of certain body cells
Candidiasis - Correct answer-(moniliasis) white, cheesy, curdlike patch on buccal
mucosa due to superficial fungal infection
Collagen - Correct answer-A protein fiber with a unique triple-helix that gives it
great strength. Tissues with a lot of collagen fibers are typically very strong, e.g.
bone, tendons, ligaments, etc.
Hematopoietic - Correct answer-pertaining to the production and the development
of blood cells or a substance that stimulates their production
Hypogammaglobulinemia - Correct answer-a below normal concentration of
gamma globulin in the blood associated with a decreased resistance to infection
Immunocompetent - Correct answer-Immunodeficiency
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Questions and Answers
Amniocentesis - Correct answer-taking a fluid sample between the 15th and the
16th week of pregnancy to diagnose congenital anomalies
Bicornate uterus - Correct answer-a uterus having two horns or horn-shaped
branches
Neonate - Correct answer-newborn baby
Dysplasia - Correct answer-marked by abnormal adult cells
Muscular dystrophy - Correct answer-progressive degeneration and weakening of
the skeletal muscles
Dystrophy - Correct answer-condition produced by faulty nutrition
Contractures - Correct answer-immobility of muscles or a joint caused by
shortening or wasting of tissue or muscle fibers
Electromyography - Correct answer-an electrodiagnostic assessment of the activity
of the skeletal muscles
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Meninges - Correct answer-Covering around the brain and the spinal cord
Anecephalic - Correct answer-No cranial vault and little cerebral tissue
Foramen Ovale - Correct answer-opening in the septum between the right and left
atria of the fetal heart
Acyanotic - Correct answer-absence of a bluish appearance of the skin and mucous
membranes
Adenosarcoma - Correct answer-a cancerous gland like tumor such as wilms'
tumor
Ataxic - Correct answer-uncoordinated gait associated with pathology of the
central nervous system
Azoospermia - Correct answer-an absence of spermatozoa in the seaman
Dysplasia - Correct answer-marked by abnormal adult cells
Electromyography - Correct answer-an electrodiagnosis assessment of the activity
of skeletal muscles
Meconium - Correct answer-the first stool of a newborn, greenish black with a
tarry consistency
Pylorus - Correct answer-the narrow part of the stomach toward the duodenum
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Stenosis - Correct answer-narrowing of an opening
Tachypnea - Correct answer-rapid and shallow breathing
Trisomy - Correct answer-one or more than the normal number of chromosomes
Anticholinesterase - Correct answer-any enzyme that counteracts in the presence of
choline esters
Autoimmune - Correct answer-an immune response resulting in the presence of
self-antigens or auto-antigens of certain body cells
Candidiasis - Correct answer-(moniliasis) white, cheesy, curdlike patch on buccal
mucosa due to superficial fungal infection
Collagen - Correct answer-A protein fiber with a unique triple-helix that gives it
great strength. Tissues with a lot of collagen fibers are typically very strong, e.g.
bone, tendons, ligaments, etc.
Hematopoietic - Correct answer-pertaining to the production and the development
of blood cells or a substance that stimulates their production
Hypogammaglobulinemia - Correct answer-a below normal concentration of
gamma globulin in the blood associated with a decreased resistance to infection
Immunocompetent - Correct answer-Immunodeficiency
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