Chapter 1 study guide summer 2019,100% CORRECT

What is Microbiology? Define Microbiology: Where do you find microorganisms? How many microorganisms are estimated to be on Earth? How long have microoganisms been on Earth? Are the majority of microorganisms beneficial or harmful? Do good or bad microorganisms get the most publicity? Why? How do microorganisms impact our lives? What are microorganisms made of? What do we know about the evolution of life and the genetics of microbes? How do microbes get energy and interact with the world around them? How are microbes associated with disease? What are the key features of living organisms? Describe the macromolecules found in cells What are the three domains of living organisms? What is the nucleoid and how is it different from the Eukaryotic nucleus? Explain how double-stranded DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are involved in the information flow in cells. What is spontaneous generation and how was it disproved? Explain how bacteria are involved in nitrogen cycling. Define the terms magnification and resolution. 1. Who was the first to use a microscope to see microorganisms? What did he see? What type of microscopy did he use? 2. Who was the first to use a microscope to see bacteria? How do we know he saw bacteria? What type of microscopy did he use? 3. What are the four types of light microscopy? 4. What must be done to a microorganism to be able to see it with brightfield light microscopy? 5. Which types of light microscopy allow you to view a live sample? 6. What is the maximum resolution of a compound light microscope? Describe what that value means in practical terms when viewing a specimen. 7. What are the two types of electron microscopy? When would you use one type instead of the other? 8. What is the maximum resolution of an electron microscope? What type of electron microscope would be used to view a cluster of cells? What type would be used to observe internal cell structure? What color will a gram-negative cell be after Gram staining by the conventional method? Discuss the germ theory of disease. What are the key postulates put forth by Robert Koch? What is meant by the term enrichment culture?