Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics-QUESTIONS
WITH 100% SOLVED ANSWERS!!
Diagnosis of Labor
- Missed menses
- PE
- Qual or Quant hCG
- U/S
Causes of Early Pregnancy Bleeding
Miscarriages (occurs in 15% of clinically recognized pregnancies
Ectopic Pregnancy
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Cervical bleeding from causes unrelated to pregnancy
Otherwise Uncomplicated Pregnancies
Implantation Site & Decidual Thickening (MA)
3-4 weeks menstrual age
First Color Flow on Doppler (MA)
4 weeks menstrual age
Gestational Sac Visible (MA & hCG level)
4-5 weeks menstrual age, 1500-2000 mIU/mL hCG (discriminatory zone)
Yolk Sac (MA)
,5-6 weeks menstrual age
Embryo and Cardiac Activity (MA)
5-6 weeks menstrual age
Minimal hCG rise in viable IU pregnancy (% in hrs)
Normal IU pregnancy: 53% rise in 48 hrs
hCG in Spontaneous Abortions
falls over 48 hr period
hCG in Ectopic Pregnancy
hCG does not rise at a doubling rate as in normal pregnancy, but does not fall either. Carefully
monitor, assess, and intervene.
Crown-Rump Length
Mesnstral Age * (weeks) = CRL (cm) + 6.5
[*Accurate between 8-13 weeks]
Incomplete Abortion
incomplete expulsion of the products of conception
Complete abortion
all products of conception are expelled
Septic abortion
, A life-threatening emergency in which the uterus
becomes infected following any type of abortion.
Missed abortion
An abortion in which the products of conception are no longer viable but are retained in the
uterus.
Threatened abortion
Uterine bleeding at 18 weeks' gestation; no products expelled; cervical os closed.
Subchorionic Hemorrhage
a bleed between the endometrium and the gestational sac at the edge of the placenta
Ectopic Pregnancy
pregnancy outside the uterus, usually fallopian tube
Occurs in 1% of pregnancy, but 2nd most common cause of maternal mortality.
U/S Finding of Early Pregnancy Failure (3 diagnostic criteria)
Mean sac diameter >25 w/o embryo
Embryo >=7 without heartbeat
Absent embryo w/ heartbeat 11 days after yolk sac seen
Management of Miscarriage
Majority does not require intervention, unless a risk of infection of bleeding.
- Surgical: D&C or MVA
- Medical: misoprostol (off-label)
WITH 100% SOLVED ANSWERS!!
Diagnosis of Labor
- Missed menses
- PE
- Qual or Quant hCG
- U/S
Causes of Early Pregnancy Bleeding
Miscarriages (occurs in 15% of clinically recognized pregnancies
Ectopic Pregnancy
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Cervical bleeding from causes unrelated to pregnancy
Otherwise Uncomplicated Pregnancies
Implantation Site & Decidual Thickening (MA)
3-4 weeks menstrual age
First Color Flow on Doppler (MA)
4 weeks menstrual age
Gestational Sac Visible (MA & hCG level)
4-5 weeks menstrual age, 1500-2000 mIU/mL hCG (discriminatory zone)
Yolk Sac (MA)
,5-6 weeks menstrual age
Embryo and Cardiac Activity (MA)
5-6 weeks menstrual age
Minimal hCG rise in viable IU pregnancy (% in hrs)
Normal IU pregnancy: 53% rise in 48 hrs
hCG in Spontaneous Abortions
falls over 48 hr period
hCG in Ectopic Pregnancy
hCG does not rise at a doubling rate as in normal pregnancy, but does not fall either. Carefully
monitor, assess, and intervene.
Crown-Rump Length
Mesnstral Age * (weeks) = CRL (cm) + 6.5
[*Accurate between 8-13 weeks]
Incomplete Abortion
incomplete expulsion of the products of conception
Complete abortion
all products of conception are expelled
Septic abortion
, A life-threatening emergency in which the uterus
becomes infected following any type of abortion.
Missed abortion
An abortion in which the products of conception are no longer viable but are retained in the
uterus.
Threatened abortion
Uterine bleeding at 18 weeks' gestation; no products expelled; cervical os closed.
Subchorionic Hemorrhage
a bleed between the endometrium and the gestational sac at the edge of the placenta
Ectopic Pregnancy
pregnancy outside the uterus, usually fallopian tube
Occurs in 1% of pregnancy, but 2nd most common cause of maternal mortality.
U/S Finding of Early Pregnancy Failure (3 diagnostic criteria)
Mean sac diameter >25 w/o embryo
Embryo >=7 without heartbeat
Absent embryo w/ heartbeat 11 days after yolk sac seen
Management of Miscarriage
Majority does not require intervention, unless a risk of infection of bleeding.
- Surgical: D&C or MVA
- Medical: misoprostol (off-label)
