NUR 356 EXAM 5 UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
Heart - ANS The pump that delivers blood to the lungs to be oxygenated and then to the
systemic circulation to supply oxygen to the tissues.
endocardium - ANS inner layer with the valves
myocardium - ANS muscle layer
Epicardium, pericardium - ANS outside layer, pericardial sac with fluid 10-15 ml to lubricate
the heart, problem with too much or not enough fluid
Electrical - ANS Prepares the heart to contract Can be recorded on paper : ECG Consists of:
Electrical stimulus Initiating factor Depolarization Producing factor
ECG - ANS records electrical properties of heart
Depolarizing cells - ANS help the heart the contract
Normal conduction pathway - ANS SA node
Atria
Internodal pathways
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,AV node
Bundle of His
Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers
Ventricular musculature
CONTRACTION
Mechanical - ANS Pumping action, Confirmed by the presence of an apical pulse
Systole - ANS Period of contraction
Diastole - ANS Period of relaxation
cardiac index - ANS based on body size
Right side (unoxygenated): - ANS SVC and IVC to right atrium to tricuspid valve to right
ventricle to pulmonic valve to pulmonary artery to lungs
Left side (oxygenated): - ANS Pulmonary veins to left atrium to mitral valve to left ventricle
to aortic valve to systemic circulation
Preload - ANS volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
Increased in: hypervolemia, reguritation of cardiac valves, heart failure
Afterload - ANS resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
Increased in hypertension, vasoconstriction
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, increased cardiac workload - ANS Increased after load = ?
arteries - ANS dilate and constrict- sympathetic nervous system
capillaries - ANS tiny vessels- O2 and CO2 with tissues
veins and venules - ANS don't dilate and contract as easily- low pressure system
pulse pressure - ANS difference between systolic and diastolic
MAP - ANS average pressure 65-110, needs to be 60 for our organs to prefuse, if not- organ
failure
serum lipids - ANS cholesterol markers
HDL
LDL
Triglycerides
Cardiac markers - ANS Creatine Kinase MB (CK-MB)
Troponin
Myoglobin
C- Reactive Protein
Homocysteine
Natriuretic Peptide Markers
ECG - ANS electrocardiogram
Telemetry
12 lead- more info, a lot will only have 3 lead, might go home for 1-2 days with halter monitor
to constantly monitor heart
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
Heart - ANS The pump that delivers blood to the lungs to be oxygenated and then to the
systemic circulation to supply oxygen to the tissues.
endocardium - ANS inner layer with the valves
myocardium - ANS muscle layer
Epicardium, pericardium - ANS outside layer, pericardial sac with fluid 10-15 ml to lubricate
the heart, problem with too much or not enough fluid
Electrical - ANS Prepares the heart to contract Can be recorded on paper : ECG Consists of:
Electrical stimulus Initiating factor Depolarization Producing factor
ECG - ANS records electrical properties of heart
Depolarizing cells - ANS help the heart the contract
Normal conduction pathway - ANS SA node
Atria
Internodal pathways
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,AV node
Bundle of His
Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers
Ventricular musculature
CONTRACTION
Mechanical - ANS Pumping action, Confirmed by the presence of an apical pulse
Systole - ANS Period of contraction
Diastole - ANS Period of relaxation
cardiac index - ANS based on body size
Right side (unoxygenated): - ANS SVC and IVC to right atrium to tricuspid valve to right
ventricle to pulmonic valve to pulmonary artery to lungs
Left side (oxygenated): - ANS Pulmonary veins to left atrium to mitral valve to left ventricle
to aortic valve to systemic circulation
Preload - ANS volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
Increased in: hypervolemia, reguritation of cardiac valves, heart failure
Afterload - ANS resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
Increased in hypertension, vasoconstriction
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, increased cardiac workload - ANS Increased after load = ?
arteries - ANS dilate and constrict- sympathetic nervous system
capillaries - ANS tiny vessels- O2 and CO2 with tissues
veins and venules - ANS don't dilate and contract as easily- low pressure system
pulse pressure - ANS difference between systolic and diastolic
MAP - ANS average pressure 65-110, needs to be 60 for our organs to prefuse, if not- organ
failure
serum lipids - ANS cholesterol markers
HDL
LDL
Triglycerides
Cardiac markers - ANS Creatine Kinase MB (CK-MB)
Troponin
Myoglobin
C- Reactive Protein
Homocysteine
Natriuretic Peptide Markers
ECG - ANS electrocardiogram
Telemetry
12 lead- more info, a lot will only have 3 lead, might go home for 1-2 days with halter monitor
to constantly monitor heart
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
