DNP 816 EXAM UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
Research - ANS A systematic inquiry to solve problems using a disciplined and strict protocol
Clinical nursing research - ANS Research that guides practice and leads to improving patient
outcomes
Evidence-based practice - ANS A problem solving method consisting of a 3-legged stool
consisting of the best evidence (research findings), clinical judgement, and patient/family
preferences
Intent of descriptive studies - ANS To describe, explore, or explain phenomena
Intent of cause-probing studies - ANS To test a hypothesis or an intervention and evaluate
the effect
Basic research - ANS Research that is done in a laboratory, usually at the cellular level up to
animal studies; bench research
Applied research - ANS Using the research process to solve problems
Causal relationship (variables) - ANS One variable causes change in another
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,Associative relationship (variables) - ANS There is an association between variables that is
not causal.
(Abbreviated) steps of EBP - ANS 1. Ask the question
2. Find evidence
3. Appraise evidence
4. Make a decision about use in your practice
5. Apply change
6. Evaluate outcomes of change
5 types of PICO(T) questions - ANS Therapy/intervention
Diagnosis/assessment
Prognosis
Etiology/prevention
Meaning/process
Probabilistic causality - ANS The causes increase the likelihood that the effect will occur
3 elements essential to experimental RCT - ANS Manipulation, control, randomization
Tailored interventions - ANS Interventions personalized by including participants
characteristics such as microbiome, genetics, or genomics
Types of control groups - ANS Alternate intervention
Standard of care
Placebo
Attention - receives an intervention of the same length and interaction to account for the extra
attention the intervention group receives
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, Dose response - receives intervention at a different dose
Waitlist - receives intervention, but after participating as the control group & outcomes are
obtained
Allocation concealment - ANS Prevents the person who enrolls participants from knowing
which group assignment is next; prevents biasing the groups based on assigning those who
"might benefit more" to the intervention group
Masking/blinding - ANS An element of RCT randomization prevents bias related to
performance or detection by masking group assignment information when researchers are
collecting data.
Performance bias - ANS Bias that occurs due to different treatment of participants who are
in the intervention group
Detection bias - ANS A difference in how the outcomes are measured or recorded based on
group assignment.
Standard research diagram nomenclature - ANS R - randomization
X - intervention/treatment
O - observation/data collection points
Post-test only research design - ANS Participants are randomized, intervention given,
observation/data collection is performed. Most basic design.
Protest-posttest design - ANS Participants are randomized, pretest or pre-intervention
observation is made, intervention given, post-test observation is performed. Most common
design; allows investigators to examine change within the same groups.
Factorial design - ANS A type of study design used to manipulate/examine more than 1
variable at a time.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
Research - ANS A systematic inquiry to solve problems using a disciplined and strict protocol
Clinical nursing research - ANS Research that guides practice and leads to improving patient
outcomes
Evidence-based practice - ANS A problem solving method consisting of a 3-legged stool
consisting of the best evidence (research findings), clinical judgement, and patient/family
preferences
Intent of descriptive studies - ANS To describe, explore, or explain phenomena
Intent of cause-probing studies - ANS To test a hypothesis or an intervention and evaluate
the effect
Basic research - ANS Research that is done in a laboratory, usually at the cellular level up to
animal studies; bench research
Applied research - ANS Using the research process to solve problems
Causal relationship (variables) - ANS One variable causes change in another
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Associative relationship (variables) - ANS There is an association between variables that is
not causal.
(Abbreviated) steps of EBP - ANS 1. Ask the question
2. Find evidence
3. Appraise evidence
4. Make a decision about use in your practice
5. Apply change
6. Evaluate outcomes of change
5 types of PICO(T) questions - ANS Therapy/intervention
Diagnosis/assessment
Prognosis
Etiology/prevention
Meaning/process
Probabilistic causality - ANS The causes increase the likelihood that the effect will occur
3 elements essential to experimental RCT - ANS Manipulation, control, randomization
Tailored interventions - ANS Interventions personalized by including participants
characteristics such as microbiome, genetics, or genomics
Types of control groups - ANS Alternate intervention
Standard of care
Placebo
Attention - receives an intervention of the same length and interaction to account for the extra
attention the intervention group receives
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Dose response - receives intervention at a different dose
Waitlist - receives intervention, but after participating as the control group & outcomes are
obtained
Allocation concealment - ANS Prevents the person who enrolls participants from knowing
which group assignment is next; prevents biasing the groups based on assigning those who
"might benefit more" to the intervention group
Masking/blinding - ANS An element of RCT randomization prevents bias related to
performance or detection by masking group assignment information when researchers are
collecting data.
Performance bias - ANS Bias that occurs due to different treatment of participants who are
in the intervention group
Detection bias - ANS A difference in how the outcomes are measured or recorded based on
group assignment.
Standard research diagram nomenclature - ANS R - randomization
X - intervention/treatment
O - observation/data collection points
Post-test only research design - ANS Participants are randomized, intervention given,
observation/data collection is performed. Most basic design.
Protest-posttest design - ANS Participants are randomized, pretest or pre-intervention
observation is made, intervention given, post-test observation is performed. Most common
design; allows investigators to examine change within the same groups.
Factorial design - ANS A type of study design used to manipulate/examine more than 1
variable at a time.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
